Correlation of Ultrasonographic Findings and Cytologic or Histopathologic Diagnoses of Splenic Lesions in Dogs : 124 cases

개에서 비장 병변의 초음파 소견과 세포학 및 조직병리 진단과의 상관관계 : 124 마리

  • Kim, Jun-Young (College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Nam-Soon (College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Choi, Mi-Hyun (College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Wan-Hee (College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Youn, Hwa-Young (College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Hwang, Cheol-Yong (College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Dae-Yong (College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, In-Hyung (College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Choi, Min-Cheol (College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Yoon, Jung-Hee (College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University)
  • Accepted : 2012.04.18
  • Published : 2012.04.30

Abstract

This retrospective study was performed to describe and evaluate ultrasonographic characteristics of splenic disorders and to pursue any relationship with cytologic or histopathologic diagnoses. Medical records were reviewed for patients that had undergone both abdominal ultrasonographic procedures and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) or surgical biopsy of splenic lesions or necropsy from January 2002 to July 2011 at Seoul National University Hospital for Animals. Total 124 dogs, 76 cases with FNA and 48 cases with biopsy, were available for this investigation. The age of dogs ranged from 2 to 17 years ($mean{\pm}SD$ = $9.54{\pm}3.34$ years), with the gender distribution of 61 females (26 spayed) and 63 males (40 neutered). In breed distribution, 114 were purebred dogs and 10 were mixed breed dogs. The dogs represented 26 breeds, with 113 dogs categorized into small-sized breeds. The ultrasonographic appearances of splenic disorders could be classified into 10 types including normal appearance, depending on the distribution and echogenicity of splenic lesions as well as the increase in spleen size and diffuse parenchymal changes. Among 124 cases, 44 (35.4%) had hypoechoic nodules/masses with the highest frequency, followed by 23 (18.5%) with multiple small hypoechoic nodules. Of 124 cases, 70 (56.5%) were benign and 54 (43.5%) were malignant lesions at cytologic or histopathologic results. Each ultrasonographic appearance had variable cytologic or histopathologic diagnoses. However, diffuse heterogenicity and diffuse hypoechogenicity were significantly associated with malignancy (p < 0.05), whereas hyperechoic nodules/masses were more often associated with benignity (p < 0.05). Based on our results, it may be considered that the ultrasonographic examination for spleen could be able to provide the least information necessary for benign and malignant lesions in prioritizing differential diagnoses.

이 후향적 연구는 비장 질환의 초음파 소견과 특징을 묘사하고 평가하여 세포검사 혹은 조직병리검사 결과와의 상관관계를 알아보고자 실시되었다. 2002년 1월부터 2011년 7월까지 서울대학교 수의과대학 동물병원에 내원한 환자 중 복부 초음파 검사와 비장 에 대한 초음파 유도하 세침흡인 혹은 수술적 생검이나 부검을 실시한 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 세침흡인을 실시한 76마리 개와 생검 혹은 부검을 실시한 48마리의 개, 총 124마리의 개가 이번 연구에 포함되었다. 나이는 2세에서 17세까지(평균 ${\pm}$ 표준편차 = $9.54{\pm}3.34$ 세) 분포하였고 암컷은 61마리(26마리 중성화), 숫컷은 63마리(40마리 중성화)였다. 124마리 중 114마리는 순종이었고 10마리는 혼합 품종이었다. 총 26종류의 품종이 있었고 113마리가 소형견종으로 분류되었다. 비장에 대한 초음파 소견은 비장 크기의 종대와 전반적인 실질 변화 뿐 아니라 비장 병변의 분포와 에코를 토대로 정상 소견을 포함하여 총 10가지의 종류로 분류될 수 있었다. 저에코성 결절/종괴 소견이 124 개체 중 44마리(35.4%)로 가장 높은 빈도를 보였으며 다음으로 23마리(18.5%)가 다수의 저에코성결절 소견을 보였다. 세포학 혹은 조직병리 검사에서 70마리(56.5%)는 양성의, 54마리(43.5%)는 악성의 병변을 보였다. 각각의 초음파 소견들은 다양한 세포학 혹은 조직병리 검사 결과를 보였다. 하지만, 전반적인 이질적 에코 소견과 전반적인 저에코 소견은 유의적으로 악성과 관련되었고(p < 0.05), 반면에 고에코성 결절/종괴 소견은 유의적으로 양성과 관련이 있었다(p < 0.05). 본 연구 결과를 토대로 비장에 대한 초음파 검사는 양성과 악성 병변을 감별진단하는데 최소한의 정보를 제공할 수 있는 것으로 고려할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ballegeer EA, Forrest LJ, Dickinson RM, Schutten MM, Delaney FA, Young KM. Correlation of ultrasonographic appearance of lesions and cytologic and histologic diagnoses in splenic aspirates from dogs and cats: 32 cases (2002-2005). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007; 230: 690-698. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.230.5.690
  2. Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 6th ed. 2005: 758-760, 1944-1951.
  3. Feeney DA, Anderson KL, Ziegler LE, Jessen CR, Daubs BM, Hardy RM. Statistical relevance of ultrasonographic criteria in the assessment of diffuse liver disease in dogs and cats. AJVR 2008; 69: 212-221. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.69.2.212
  4. Feeney DA, Johnston GR, Hardy RM. Two-dimentional, gray-scale ultrasonography for assessment of hepatic and splenic neoplasia in the dog and cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1984; 184: 68-81.
  5. Hanson JA, Papageorges M, Girard E, Menard M, Herbert P. Ultrasonographic appearance of splenic disease in 101 cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2001; 42: 441-445. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2001.tb00967.x
  6. Lamb CR, Hartzband LE, Tidwell AS, Pearson SH. Ultrasonographic findings in hepatic and splenic lymphosarcoma in dogs and cats. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1991; 32: 117-120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.1991.tb00093.x
  7. Mai W. The hilar perivenous hyperechoic triangle as a sign of acute splenic torsion in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2006; 47: 487-491. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2006.00169.x
  8. Mittelstaedt CA, Partain CL. Ultrasonic-pathologic classification of splenic abnormalities: Grey-scale patterns. Radiology 1980; 134: 697-705. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.134.3.7355221
  9. Nelson RW, Couto CG. Small Animal Internal Medicine, 3rd ed. Mosby 2003: 1122-1132, 1142-1144, 1204-1209.
  10. Nyland TG, Mattoon JS. Small Animal Diagnostic Ultrasound. 1995: 128-143.
  11. Penninck D, d'Anjou M. Atlas of Small Animal Ultrasonography 2008: 263-280.
  12. Schwarz LA, Penninck DG, John G.. Canine splenic myelolipomas. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2001; 42: 347-348. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2001.tb00951.x
  13. Slatter D. Textbook of Small Animal Surgery, 3rd ed. 2003: 1046-1062.
  14. Spangler WL, Culbertson MR. Prevalence, type, and importance of splenic diseases in dogs: 1,480 cases (1985-1989). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992; 200: 829-834.
  15. Wan YL, Cheung YC, Lui KW, Tseng JH, Lee TY. Ultrasonographic findings and differentiation of benign and malignant focal splenic lesions. Postgrad Med J 2000; 76: 488-493. https://doi.org/10.1136/pmj.76.898.488
  16. Weinstein MJ, Carpenter JL, Mehlhaff Schunk CJ. Nonangiogenic and nonlymphomatous sarcomas of the canine spleen: 57 cases (1975-1987). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1989; 195: 784-788.
  17. Wrigley RH, Konde LJ, Park RD, Lebel JL. Ultrasonographic features of splenic lymphosarcoma in dogs: 12 cases (1980- 1986). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1988; 193: 1565-1568.
  18. Wrigley RH, Park RD, Konde LJ, Lebel JL. Ultrasonographic features of splenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs: 18 cases (1980-1986). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1988; 192: 1113-1117.