Acknowledgement
Supported by : Ministry of Health & Welfare
References
- Jung KW, Park S, Kong HJ, et al. Cancer statistics in Korea: incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2009. Cancer Res Treat 2012;44:11-24. https://doi.org/10.4143/crt.2012.44.1.11
- National Cancer Institute. SEER cancer statistics review 1975-2009 [Internet]. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; c2012 [cited 2012 Nov 25]. Available from: http://seer.cancer. gov/csr/1975_2009_pops09/results_merged/sect_06_colon_rectum.pdf.
- Tepper JE, O'Connell M, Hollis D, et al. Analysis of surgical salvage after failure of primary therapy in rectal cancer: results from Intergroup Study 0114. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:3623-8. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.03.018
- Wanebo HJ, Semoglou C, Attiyeh F, Stearns MJ Jr. Surgical management of patients with primary operable colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases. Am J Surg 1978;135:81-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9610(78)90014-4
- Cady B, Monson DO, Swinton NW. Survival of patients after colonic resection for carcinoma with simultaneous liver metastases. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1970;131:697-700.
- Adson MA, van Heerden JA, Adson MH, Wagner JS, Ilstrup DM. Resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Arch Surg 1984;119:647-51. https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.1984.01390180015003
- Wood CB, Gillis CR, Blumgart LH. A retrospective study of the natural history of patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Clin Oncol 1976;2:285-8.
- Lyass S, Zamir G, Matot I, Goitein D, Eid A, Jurim O. Combined colon and hepatic resection for synchronous colorectal liver metastases. J Surg Oncol 2001;78:17-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.1117
- Bozzetti F, Doci R, Bignami P, Morabito A, Gennari L. Patterns of failure following surgical resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases: rationale for a multimodal approach. Ann Surg 1987;205:264-70. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-198703000-00008
- Ekberg H, Tranberg KG, Andersson R, et al. Pattern of recurrence in liver resection for colorectal secondaries. World JSurg 1987;11:541-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01655821
- Song JH, Jang HS, Kim YS, et al. The pathological and clinical effects of preoperative chemoradiation in rectal cancer. J Korean Soc Ther Radiol Oncol 2011;29:11-9. https://doi.org/10.3857/jkstro.2011.29.1.11
- Bosset JF, Calais G, Mineur L, et al. Enhanced tumorocidal effect of chemotherapy with preoperative radiotherapy for rectal cancer: preliminary results—EORTC 22921. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:5620-7. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2005.02.113
- Yoon MS, Nam TK, Kim HR, et al. Results of preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy for the treatment of rectal cancer. J Korean Soc Ther Radiol Oncol 2008;26:247-56. https://doi.org/10.3857/jkstro.2008.26.4.247
- Fisher B, Wolmark N, Rockette H, et al. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy for rectal cancer: results from NSABP protocol R-01. J Natl Cancer Inst 1988;80:21-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/80.1.21
- Lee JH, Kim SH, Kim JG, Cho HM, Shim BY. Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer: predictors of the tumor response and the long-term oncologic outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011;81:431-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.05.019
- Lee JH, Jang HS, Kim JG, et al. Lymphovascular invasion is a significant prognosticator in rectal cancer patients who receive preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision. Ann Surg Oncol 2012;19:1213-21. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-011-2062-z
- Lee JH, Kim DY, Nam TK, et al. Long-term follow-up of preoperative pelvic radiation therapy and concomitant boost irradiation in locally advanced rectal cancer patients: a multiinstitutional phase II study (KROG 04-01). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012;84:955-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.01.045
- Sauer R, Becker H, Hohenberger W, et al. Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1731-40. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa040694
- O'Neil BH, Tepper JE. Current options for the management of rectal cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2007;8:331-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11864-007-0048-7
- Enker WE, Thaler HT, Cranor ML, Polyak T. Total mesorectal excision in the operative treatment of carcinoma of the rectum. J Am Coll Surg 1995;181:335-46.
- Heald RJ, Moran BJ, Ryall RD, Sexton R, MacFarlane JK. Rectal cancer: the Basingstoke experience of total mesorectal excision, 1978-1997. Arch Surg 1998;133:894-9. https://doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.133.8.894
- Buyse M, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Chalmers TC. Adjuvant therapy of colorectal cancer. Why we still don't know. JAMA 1988;259:3571-8. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1988.03720240033031
- Randomised trial of surgery alone versus surgery followed by radiotherapy for mobile cancer of the rectum. Medical Research Council Rectal Cancer Working Party. Lancet 1996; 348:1610-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(96)05349-4
- Goldberg PA, Nicholls RJ, Porter NH, Love S, Grimsey JE. Long-term results of a randomised trial of short-course low-dose adjuvant pre-operative radiotherapy for rectal cancer: reduction in local treatment failure. Eur J Cancer 1994;30A:1602-6.
- Randomized study on preoperative radiotherapy in rectal carcinoma. Stockholm Colorectal Cancer Study Group. Ann Surg Oncol 1996;3:423-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02305759
- National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology [Internet]. Fort Washington, PA: National Comprehensive Cancer Network; c2012 [cited 2012 Jul 26]. Available from: http://www.nccn.org/professionals/ physician_gls/pdf/rectal.pdf.
- Kim JW, Kim YB, Kim NK, et al. The role of adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy in rectal cancer with synchronous liver metastasis: a retrospective study. Radiat Oncol 2010;5:75. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-717X-5-75
- Chang CY, Kim HC, Park YS, et al. The effect of postoperative pelvic irradiation after complete resection of metastatic rectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 2012;105:244-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.22109
- Pasetto LM, Friso ML, Pucciarelli S, et al. Primary rectal carcinoma in patients with stage IV resectable disease at diagnosis. Anticancer Res 2007;27:1079-85.
- Crane CH, Janjan NA, Abbruzzese JL, et al. Effective pelvic symptom control using initial chemoradiation without colostomy in metastatic rectal cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001;49:107-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-3016(00)00777-X
Cited by
- A comparison of dosimetric parameters between tomotherapy and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy in rectal cancer vol.8, pp.None, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-717x-8-181
- Rectal cancer: An evidence-based update for primary care providers vol.21, pp.25, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i25.7659
- Adjuvant radiotherapy for the treatment of stage IV rectal cancer after curative resection : A propensity score-matched analysis and meta-analysis vol.95, pp.47, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000004925
- Wann ist bei metastasiertem Primärtumor und Lymphknotenmetastasen von Harnblase und Prostata eine nicht-operative Behandlung möglich? vol.56, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-017-0379-3
- Survival Benefit of Preoperative Versus Postoperative Radiotherapy in Metastatic Rectal Cancer Treated With Definitive Surgical Resection of Primary Tumor: A Population Based, Propensity Score-Matched vol.10, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.28320
- Palliative beam radiotherapy offered real-world survival benefit to metastatic rectal cancer: A large US population-based and propensity score-matched study vol.10, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.28768
- Is There a Role for Perioperative Pelvic Radiotherapy in Surgically Resected Stage IV Rectal Cancer? : A Propensity Score-matched Analysis vol.44, pp.7, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1097/coc.0000000000000821