Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

Korean Chemical Society (대한화학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Determination of MTBE, TBA and BTEX in Soil by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

  • Shin, Ho-Sang (Department of Environmental Education, Kongju National University)
  • Received : 2012.01.05
  • Accepted : 2012.02.17
  • Published : 2012.05.20
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

A headspace gas chromatographic mass spectrometric (GC-MS) assay method was developed for the simultaneous determination of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), $tert$-butyl alcohol (TBA) and benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylene (BTEX) in soil contaminated with gasoline. 2 g of soil sample were placed in a 10 mL headspace vial filled with 5 mL of phosphoric acid solution (pH 3) saturated with NaCl, and the solution was spiked with fluorobenzene as an internal standard and sealed with a cap. The vial was heated in a heating block for 40 min at $80^{\circ}C$. The detection limits of the assay were 0.08-0.12 ${\mu}g$/kg for the analytes. For five independent determinations at 10 and 50 ${\mu}g$/kg, the relative standard deviations were less than 10%. The method was used to analyze fifty six soil samples collected from various regions contaminated with gasoline in Korea. The developed method may be valuable for the monitoring of the analytes in soil.

Keywords

References

  1. National Science and Technology Council, Committee on Environment and Natural Resources, Interagency Assessment of Oxygenated Fuels, 1997.
  2. USEPA EPA/600/R-98/048, Oxygenates in Water: Critical Information and Research Needs, 1998.
  3. USEPA EPA 420-R-99-021, Achieving Clean Air and Clean Water. The Report of the Blue Ribbon Panel on Oxygenates in Gasoline, 1999.
  4. USEPA Method 8015C, Nonhalogenated Organics by Gas Chromatography, 2007.
  5. USEPA Method 8021B, Aromatic and Halogenated Volatiles by Gas Chromatography using Photoionization and/or Electrolytic Conductivity Detectors, 1996.
  6. USEPA Method 8260B, Volatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC/MS), 1996.
  7. USEPA Method 5030, Purge & Trap, 1986.
  8. USEPA Method 5035, Closed-System Purge-and-Trap and Extraction for Volatile Organics in Soil and Waste Samples, 1996.
  9. Rosell, M.; Lacorte, S.; Barcelo, D. J. Chromatogr. A 2006, 1132, 28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2006.07.060
  10. Bianchi, A. P.; Varney, M. S. J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 1989, 12, 184. https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240120317
  11. Halden, R. U.; Happel, A. M.; Schoen, S. R. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 1469. https://doi.org/10.1021/es001515t
  12. Wei, C.; Jiemin, L.; Guibin, J. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 2003, 83(4), 285. https://doi.org/10.1080/0306731031000084004
  13. Achten, C.; Kolb, A. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 2001, 371(4), 519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s002160100984
  14. Stringfellow, W. T.; Oh, K. C. Ground Water Monit. Rem. 2005, 25(2), 52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2005.0013.x
  15. Zuccarello, J. L.; Ganske, J. A.; Green, D. B. Chemosphere 2003, 51(8), 805. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00868-8
  16. Erdem-Senatalar, A.; Bergendahl, J. A.; Thompson, R. W. Chemosphere 2004, 57(6), 523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.06.031
  17. Atienza, J.; Aragon, P. Crit. Rew. Anal. Chem. 2005, 35(4), 317. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408340500431280
  18. Cassada, D. A.; Zhang, Y.; Snow, D. D. Anal. Chem. 2000, 72(19), 4654. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac000462v
  19. Dewsbury, P.; Thornton, S. F.; Lerner, D. N. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37(7), 1392. https://doi.org/10.1021/es025986m
  20. Schmidt, T. C. Trends in Anal. Chem. 2003, 22(10), 776. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-9936(03)01002-1
  21. Alizadeh, N.; Jafari, M.; Mohammadi, A. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 169, 861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.029
  22. Ezquerrol, O.; Ortiz, G.; Pons, B.; Tena, M. T. J. Chromatogr. A 2004, 1035, 17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2004.02.030
  23. Amini, R.; Rouhollahi, A.; Adibi, M. Talanta 2011, 84, 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2010.10.043
  24. Lefkowitz, D.; Zambrowski, M.; Uchrin, C. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part A 2002, 37, 17. https://doi.org/10.1081/ESE-100108479
  25. USEPA Method 5032, Volatile Organic Compounds by Vacuum Distillation 1996.
  26. USEPA Method 5031, Volatile, Nonpurgeable, Water-Soluble Compounds by Azeotropic Distillation, 1996.
  27. USEPA Method 5021, Volatile Organic Compounds in Soils and Other Solid Matrices using Equilibrium Headspace Analysis, 1996.
  28. Rong, Y. Environ. Geosci. 2001, 8, 25.
  29. Esteve-Turrillas, F. A.; Armenta, S.; Garrigues, S.; Pastor, A.; de la Guardia, M. Anal. Chim. Acta 2007, 587, 89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2007.01.036
  30. Shin, H.-S.; Kim, T.-S. Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2009, 30(12), 3049. https://doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2009.30.12.3049
  31. O'Reilly, K. T.; Moir, M. E.; Taylor, C. D. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35(19), 3954. https://doi.org/10.1021/es001431k
  32. McLoughlin, P. W.; Pirkle, R. J.; Fine, D. Ground Water Monit. Rem. 2004, 24(4), 57. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2004.tb01302.x
  33. USEPA Method SW 846, Chapter 1 Quality Control 1992.
  34. USEPA EPA/510/F-97/015, Remediation of MTBE Contaminated Soil and Groundwater, 1998.

Cited by

  1. Optimization study of BTEX extraction from soils spiked with two kinds of Brazilian diesel by HS SPME using Box–Behnken experimental design and multi-response analysis vol.6, pp.10, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ay42253d
  2. ) Genes in Hydrocarbon-Polluted Marine Sediments Suggests Substrate-Dependent Clustering vol.79, pp.12, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03934-12
  3. Estimation of C2H5-Benzenes in Refinery Streams vol.57, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/bmz002