Earthquakes and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Criteria for processing response-spectrum-compatible seismic accelerations simulated via spectral representation

  • Zerva, A. (Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Drexel University) ;
  • Morikawa, H. (Department of Built Environment, Tokyo Institute of Technology) ;
  • Sawada, S. (Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University)
  • Received : 2011.07.11
  • Accepted : 2012.04.10
  • Published : 2012.06.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The spectral representation method is a quick and versatile tool for the generation of spatially variable, response-spectrum-compatible simulations to be used in the nonlinear seismic response evaluation of extended structures, such as bridges. However, just as recorded data, these simulated accelerations require processing, but, unlike recorded data, the reasons for their processing are purely numerical. Hence, the criteria for the processing of acceleration simulations need to be tied to the effect of processing on the structural response. This paper presents a framework for processing acceleration simulations that is based on seismological approaches for processing recorded data, but establishes the corner frequency of the high-pass filter by minimizing the effect of processing on the response of the structural system, for the response evaluation of which the ground motions were generated. The proposed two-step criterion selects the filter corner frequency by considering both the dynamic and the pseudo-static response of the systems. First, it ensures that the linear/nonlinear dynamic structural response induced by the processed simulations captures the characteristics of the system's dynamic response caused by the unprocessed simulations, the frequency content of which is fully compatible with the target response spectrum. Second, it examines the adequacy of the selected estimate for the filter corner frequency by evaluating the pseudo-static response of the system subjected to spatially variable excitations. It is noted that the first step of this two-fold criterion suffices for the establishment of the corner frequency for the processing of acceleration time series generated at a single ground-surface location to be used in the seismic response evaluation of, e.g. a building structure. Furthermore, the concept also applies for the processing of acceleration time series generated by means of any approach that does not provide physical considerations for the selection of the corner frequency of the high-pass filter.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : US National Science Foundation

References

  1. American Society of Civil Engineers (2010), Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures, ASCE STANDARD, ASCE/SEI 7-10.
  2. Amin, M. and Ang, A.H-S. (1968), "Non-stationary stochastic model of earthquake motion", J. Eng. Mech.- ASCE, 94(2), 559-583.
  3. Akkar, S. and Bommer, J.J. (2006), "Influence of long-period filter cut-off on elastic spectral displacements", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 35(9), 1145-1165. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.577
  4. Boore, D.M. (2011), Personal Communication.
  5. Boore, D.M. and Akkar, S. (2003), "Effect of causal and acausal filters on elastic and inelastic response spectra", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 32(11), 1729-1748. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.299
  6. Boore, D.M., Stephens, C. and Joyner, W. (2002), "Comments on baseline correction of digital strong-motion data: examples from the 1999 Hector Mine, California, earthquake", B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 92(4),1543-1560. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000926
  7. Boore, D.M. and Bommer, J.J. (2005), "Processing of strong-motion accelerograms: Needs, options, and consequences", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 25(2), 93-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.10.007
  8. Burdette, N.J., Elnashai, A.S., Lupoi, A. and Sextos, A.G. (2008a) "Effect of asynchronous earthquake motion on complex bridges. I: Methodology and input motion", J. Bridge Eng.-ASCE, 13(2), 158-165. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2008)13:2(158)
  9. Burdette, N.J. and Elnashai, A.S. (2008b), "Effect of asynchronous earthquake motion on complex bridges. II: Results and implications on assessment", J. Bridge Eng.-ASCE, 13(2), 166-172. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2008)13:2(166)
  10. Comite Europeen de Normalisation (CEN) (2005), EUROCODE 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance - Part 2: Bridges, EN 1998-2:2005, Brussels, Belgium.
  11. Converse, A.M. and Brady, A.G. (1992), BAP-basic strong-motion acceleration processing software; Version 1.0, Open-File Report 92-296A, US Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado.
  12. Deodatis, G. (1996), "Simulation of ergodic multivariate stochastic processes", J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE, 122(8), 778- 787. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1996)122:8(778)
  13. FHWA (1996a), Seismic design of bridges design example No. 1 - Two-span continuous CIP concrete box bridge, Report No. FHWA-SA-97-006, Federal Highway Administration.
  14. FHWA (1996b), Seismic design of bridges design example No. 4 - Three-span continuous CIP concrete bridge, Report No. FHWA-SA-97-009, Federal Highway Administration.
  15. Hao, H., Oliveira, C.S. and Penzien, J. (1989), "Multiple-station ground motion processing and simulation based on SMART-1 array data", Nucl. Eng. Des., 111(3), 293-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(89)90241-0
  16. Liao, S. and Zerva, A. (2006), "Physically compliant, conditionally simulated spatially variable seismic ground motions for performance based design", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 35(7), 891-919. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.562
  17. Lou, L. and Zerva, A. (2005), "Effects of spatially variable ground motions on the seismic response of a skewed, multi-span bridge", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 25(7-10), 729-740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.11.016
  18. Lupoi, A., Franchin, P., Pinto, P.E. and Monti, G. (2005), "Seismic design of bridges accounting for spatial variability of ground motion", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 34(4-5), 327-348. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.444
  19. Monti, G., Nuti, C. and Pinto, P.E. (1996), "Nonlinear response of bridges under multi-support excitation", J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE, 122(10), 1147-1159. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1996)122:10(1147)
  20. Moustafa, A., Ueno, K. and Takewaki, I. (2010), "Critical earthquake loads for SDOF inelastic structures considering evolution of seismic waves", Earthq. Struct., 1(2), 147-162. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2010.1.2.147
  21. New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) (1998), Seismic criteria guidelines, New York, NY.
  22. Rice, S.O. (1944), "Mathematical analysis of random noise", Bell Syst. Tech. J., 23(3), 282-332. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1944.tb00874.x
  23. Safak, E. and Boore, D.M. (1998), "On low-frequency errors of uniformly modulated filtered white-noise models for ground motions", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 16(3), 381-388.
  24. Saxena, V., Deodatis, G., Shinozuka, M. and Feng, M. (2000), "Development of fragility curves for multi-span reinforced concrete bridges", Proceedings of the International Conference on Monte Carlo Simulation, MCS- 2000, G.I. Schueller and P.D. Spanos editors, Monte Carlo, Monaco.
  25. Shinozuka, M. (1974), "Digital simulation of random processes in engineering mechanics with the aid of FFT technique", in Stochastic Problems in Mechanics, S.T. Ariaratnam and H.H.E. Leipholz editors, University of Waterloo Press, Ontario, Canada.
  26. Shinozuka, M. (1971), "Simulation of multivariate and multidimensional random processes", J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 49(1), 357-367. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1912338
  27. Shinozuka, M., Saxena, V. and Deodatis, G. (2001), "Effect of spatial variation of ground motion on highway structures", Final Technical Report for Tasks 106-E-2.2 to 106-E-2.5, FHWA Contract DTFH61-92-C-00106, The NCEER Highway Project, Seismic Vulnerability of Existing Highway Construction.
  28. Spanos, P.D., Giaralis, A. and Jie, L. (2009), "Synthesis of accelerograms compatible with the Chinese GB 50011-2001 design spectrum via harmonic wavelets: Artificial and historic records", Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib., 8(2), 189-206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-009-9017-4
  29. Trifunac, M.D. (1971), "Zero baseline correction of strong-motion accelerograms", B. Seismol. Soc. Am., 61(5), 1201-1211.
  30. Tzanetos, N., Elnashai, A.S., Hamdan, F.H. and Antoniou, S. (2000), "Inelastic dynamic response of RC bridges subjected to spatially non-synchronous earthquake motion", Adv. Struct. Eng., 3(3), 191-214. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369433001502148
  31. Wen, Y.K. (1980), "Equivalent linearization for hysteretic systems under random excitation", J. Appl. Mech.- ASME, 47(1), 150-154. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3153594
  32. Wong, C.W., Ni, Y.Q. and Ko, J.M. (1994), "Steady-state oscillation of hysteretic differential model. II: Performance analysis", J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE, 120(11), 2299-2325. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1994)120:11(2299)
  33. Zaré, M. and Bard, P.Y. (2002), "Strong motion dataset of Turkey: Data processing and site classification", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 22(8), 703-718. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00028-3
  34. Zerva, A. (1990), "Response of multi-span beams to spatially incoherent seismic ground motions", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 19(6), 819-832. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290190604
  35. Zerva, A. (1992a), "Seismic ground motion simulations from a class of spatial variability models", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 21(4), 351-361. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290210406
  36. Zerva, A. (1992b), "Seismic loads predicted by spatial variability models", Struct. Saf., 11(3-4), 227-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-4730(92)90016-G
  37. Zerva, A. (2009), Spatial variation of seismic ground motions: Modeling and engineering applications, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, ISBN 978-0-8493-9929-9.
  38. Zerva, A. and Stephenson, W.R. (2011), "Stochastic characteristics of seismic excitations at a non-uniform (rock and soil) site", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 31(9), 1261-1284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2011.05.006

Cited by

  1. Seismic response analysis of layered soils considering effect of surcharge mass using HFTD approach. Part II: Nonlinear HFTD and numerical examples vol.6, pp.6, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2014.6.6.531
  2. Optimal Corner Frequency in High-Pass Filtering of Strong Ground Motions and Its Effect on Seismic Intensity vol.25, pp.10, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2019.1605947
  3. Effect of Causality Filters of Accelerograms on Low-Rise Structure Responses vol.27, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)sc.1943-5576.0000631