DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A software-assisted comparative assessment of the effect of cement type on concrete carbonation and chloride ingress

  • Demis, S. (AEIPLOUS Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development) ;
  • Papadakis, V.G. (Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Western Greece)
  • Received : 2011.12.22
  • Accepted : 2012.04.23
  • Published : 2012.10.25

Abstract

Utilization of supplementary cementing materials (SCM) by the cement industry, as a highly promising solution of sustainable cement development aiming to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, necessitates a more thorough evaluation of these types of materials on concrete durability. In this study a comparative assessment of the effect of SCM on concrete durability, of every cement type as defined in the European Standard EN 197-1 is taking place, using a software tool, based on proven predictive models (according to performance-related methods for assessing durability) developed and wide-validated for the estimation of concrete service life when designing for durability under harsh environments. The effect of Type II additives (fly ash, silica fume) on CEM I type of cement, as well as the effect of every Portland-composite type of cement (and others) are evaluated in terms of their performance in carbonation and chloride exposure, for a service life of 50 years. The main aim is to portray a unified and comprehensive evaluation of the efficiency of SCM in order to create the basis for future consideration of more types of cement to enter the production line in industry.

Keywords

References

  1. AITEC (2009), Annual report, annual association members Meeting, Italian Technical and Economic Cement Association.
  2. Alekseev, S.N. and Rosenthal, N.K. (1976), Resistance of reinforced concrete in industrial environment, Moscow, Stroyisdat.
  3. Antiohos, S. and Tsimas, S. (2003), "Chloride resistance of concrete incorporating two types of fly ashes and their intermixtures. the effect of the active silica content", Proceedings of 6th CANMET/ACI International Conference on Durability of Concrete, Greece, 115-129.
  4. Byung, H.O. and Jang, S.Y. (2007), "Effects of material and environmental parameters on chloride penetration profiles in concrete structures", Cement Concrete Res., 37(1), 47-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.09.005
  5. CEMBUREAU (2009), Activity report, The European Cement Association.
  6. CEN EN 197-1 (2000), European standard for cement - Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common Cements, European Committee for Standardization, Brusells.
  7. Chalee, W., Ausapanit, P. and Janurapitakkul, C. (2010), "Utilization of fly ash concrete in marine environment for long term design life analysis", Mater. Design., 31(3), 1242-1249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.09.024
  8. Elahi, A., Basheer, P.A.M., Nanukuttan, S.V. and Khan, Q.U.Z. (2010), "Mechanical and durability properties of high performance concretes containing supplementary cementitious materials", Constr. Build. Mater., 24(3), 292-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.08.045
  9. Guneyisi, E., Gesoglu, M., Ozturan, T. and Ozbay, E. (2009), "Estimation of chloride permeability of concretes by empirical modeling: Considering effects of cement type, curing condition and age", Constr. Build. Mater., 23(1), 469-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.10.022
  10. Hosam, E.D.H.S., Rashad, A.M. and El-Sabbagh, B.A. (2010), "Durability and strength evaluation of highperformance concrete in marine structures", Constr. Build. Mater., 24(6), 878-884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.01.013
  11. Kaid, N., Cyr, M., Julien, S. and Khelafi, H. (2009), "Durability of concrete containing a natural pozzolan as defined by a performance-based approach", Constr. Build. Mater., 23(12), 3457-3467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.08.002
  12. Khunthongkeaw, J., Tangtermisirikul, S. and Leelawat, T. (2006), "A study on carbonation depth prediction for fly ash concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 20(9), 744-753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.01.052
  13. Lang, E. (2005), "Durability aspects of CEM II/B-M with blastfurnace slag and limestone", Proceedings of Cement Combinations for Durable Concrete, Scotland, UK, 55-64.
  14. Lo, T.Y., Nadeem, A., Tang, W.C.P. and Yu, P.C. (2009), "The effect of high temperature curing on the strength and carbonation of pozzolanic structural lightweight concretes", Constr. Build. Mater., 23(3), 1306-1310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.07.026
  15. Loser, R., Lothenbach, B., Leemann, A. and Tuchschmid, M. (2010), "Chloride resistance of concrete and its binding capacity - comparison between experimental results and thermodynamic modeling", Cement Concrete Comp., 32(1), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.08.001
  16. Nochaiya, T., Wongkeo, W. and Chaipanich, A. (2010), "Utilization of fly ash with silica fume and properties of portland cement-fly ash-silica fume concrete", Fuel, 89(3), 768-774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.10.003
  17. Obetkon, R. (2009), "Situation on the cement market in CEE Stabilises", Russian Constr. Rev., 14(75), 7-8.
  18. Papadakis, V.G. (2000), "Effect of supplementary cementing materials on concrete resistance against carbonation and chloride ingress", Cement Concrete Res., 30(2), 291-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00249-5
  19. Papadakis, V.G. and Tsimas, S. (2002a), "Supplementary cementing materials in concrete-Part I: efficiency and design", Cement Concrete Res., 32(10), 1525-1532. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00827-X
  20. Papadakis, V.G., Antiohos, S. and Tsimas, S. (2002b), "Supplementary cementing materials in concrete-part ii: a foundamental estimation of the efficiency factor", Cement Concrete Res., 32(10), 1533-1538. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00829-3
  21. Papadakis, V.G. and Demis, S. (2011), "Estimation and validation of concrete strength and service life using software packages based on predictive models", Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Building Mater. Comp., Porto, Portugal, 503-511.
  22. Papadakis, V.G., Efstathiou, M.P. and Apostolopoulos, C.A. (2007), "Computer-aided approach of parameters influencing concrete service life and field validation", Comput. Concrete, 4(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2007.4.1.001
  23. Papadakis, V.G., Fardis, M.N. and Vayenas, C.G. (1991), "Fundamental modeling and experimental investigation of concrete carbonation", ACI Mater. J., 88(4), 363-373.
  24. Papadakis, V.G., Fardis, M.N. and Vayenas, C.G. (1996), "Physicochemical processes and mathematical modelling of concrete chlorination", Chem. Eng. Sci., 51(4), 505-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(95)00318-5
  25. Raharinaivo, A., Brevet, P., Grimaldi, G. and Pannier, G. (1986), "Relationship between concrete deterioration and reinforcing-steel corrosion", Durabil. Build. Mater., 4(2), 97-112.
  26. Ramezanianpour, A.A., Ghiasvand, E., Nickseresht, I., Mahdikhani, M. and Moodi, F. (2009), "Influence of various amounts of limestone powder on performance of Portland limestone cement concretes", Cement Concrete Comp., 31(10), 715-720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.08.003
  27. Sahmaran, M., Li, M. and Victor, C.L. (2007), "Transport properties of engineered cementitious composites under chloride exposure", ACI Mater. J., 104(6), 303-310.
  28. Selih, J., Tritthart, J. and Strupi-Suput, J. (2003), "Durability of portland limestone powder-cement concrete", Proceedings of the 6th CANMET/ACI International Conference on Durability of Concrete, Greece, 147-161.
  29. Sisomphon, K. and Franke, L. (2007), "Carbonation rates of concretes containing high volume of pozzolanic materials", Cement Concrete Res., 37(12), 1647-1653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.08.014
  30. Tamimi, A.K., Abdalla, J.A. and Sakka, Z.I. (2008), "Prediction of long term chloride diffusion of concrete in harsh environment", Constr. Build. Mater., 22(5), 829-836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.01.001
  31. Tsakalakis, K. (2010), Cement and concrete technology, National Technical University of Athens.
  32. Valcuende, M. and Parra, C. (2010), "Natural carbonation of self-compacting concretes", Constr. Build. Mater., 24(5), 848-853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.10.021
  33. WBSCD (2009), Cement technology roadmap 2009 - Carbon emissions reductions up to 2050, World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Geneva, Switzerland.

Cited by

  1. Carbonation depth in 57 years old concrete structures vol.19, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2015.19.4.953
  2. Chloride penetration into concrete in an offshore platform-analysis of exposure conditions vol.103, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.04.079
  3. Carbonation Study of Cement-Based Material by Electrochemical Impedance Method vol.114, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.14359/51689778
  4. Modeling of Hydration, Compressive Strength, and Carbonation of Portland-Limestone Cement (PLC) Concrete vol.10, pp.12, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10020115
  5. A reaction-diffusion modeling of carbonation process in self-compacting concrete vol.15, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2015.15.5.847
  6. Sustainable concrete mix design for a target strength and service life vol.12, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2013.12.6.755
  7. Evaluation of the Carbon Dioxide Uptake of Slag-Blended Concrete Structures, Considering the Effect of Carbonation vol.8, pp.4, 2016, https://doi.org/10.3390/su8040312
  8. Chloride ingress in concrete: limestone addition effects vol.70, pp.6, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.17.00177
  9. Probabilistic Generalization of a Comprehensive Model for the Deterioration Prediction of RC Structure under Extreme Corrosion Environments vol.10, pp.9, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/su10093051
  10. A simplified probabilistic model for the combined action of carbonation and chloride ingress vol.71, pp.7, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1680/jmacr.18.00140
  11. Reliability index assessment by different methods in the concrete bridges subjected to corrosion vol.4, pp.4, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1080/24705314.2019.1657706