Advances in environmental research

  • 제1권4호
  • /
  • Pages.305-321
  • /
  • 2012
  • /
  • 2234-1722(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2234-1730(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Standard sand for geotechnical engineering and geoenvironmental research in Nigeria: Igbokoda sand

  • Ojuri, Oluwapelumi O. (Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology) ;
  • Fijabia, David O. (Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology)
  • 투고 : 2012.10.03
  • 심사 : 2012.12.19
  • 발행 : 2012.12.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

This study entails establishing reference standard sand in Nigeria for engineering and geoenvironmental research work. Sands from four geographical locations in southwestern Nigeria were examined for baseline geotechnical and mineralogical properties. A total of sixteen sand samples were collected. The samples were air dried and subjected to tests in accordance with standard specifications. The tests carried out were: specific gravity, grain size analysis, moisture content, bulk density, porosity, void ratio, chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction and Differential Thermal Analysis. The properties of the samples were compared with a standard (Ottawa sand in Illinois of the United States) in order to find out which of the four samples selected from southwestern Nigeria could serve as standard baseline sand. The results show that Igbokoda sand has geotechnical and mineralogical characteristics closest to Ottawa sand. It was therefore concluded that Igbokoda sand could be used as a standard baseline sand for research work in southwestern Nigeria and other parts of Nigeria since it needs little processing to bring it to the same level as standard baseline sand, like the Ottawa sand.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Ademeso, O.A. (2009), "Deformation traits in the charnockitic rocks of Akure area, southwestern Nigeria", Asian J. Earth Sci. 2(4), 113-120. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajes.2009.113.120
  2. Berhanu, B. (2005), Preparation of Ethiopian Standard Sand for the Purpose of Construction and Testing, M.Sc. Thesis, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
  3. BIS Indian IS Standards codes IS 650 (1991), Specification for standard sand for testing of cement, Bureau of Indian Standards, India.
  4. BS EN 196-1 (1995), Methods of testing cement, Determination of strength, British Standards Institution, London, UK.
  5. BS 1377 (1990), Methods of test for soil for civil engineering purposes, British Standards Institution, London, UK.
  6. Carter, M.R. and Gregorich, E.G. (Edition) (2007), Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis, 2nd Edition, CRC Press Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
  7. Chiaro, G., Koseki, J. and Sato, T. (2012), "Effects of initial static shear on liquefaction and large deformation properties of loose saturated Toyoura sand in undrained cyclic torsional shear tests", Soils Found., 52(3), 498-510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2012.05.008
  8. Dane, J.H. and Topp, G.C. (Edited) (2002), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 4: Physical Methods, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA.
  9. David, W.I.F., Shankland, K., McCusker, L.B. and Baerlocher, C. (Edited) (2002), Structure Determination from Powder Diffraction Data, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  10. Harris, D.C. (2007), Quantitative Chemical Analysis, (7th Edition), W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, NY, USA.
  11. Lajunen, L.H.J. and Peramaki, P. (2004), Spectrochemical Analysis by Atomic Absorption and Emission, (2nd Edition), Royal Society of Chemistry, London, UK.
  12. Okunade, E.A. (2010), "Geotechnical properties of some coal fly ash stabilized southwestern Nigeria lateritic soils", Mod. Appl. Sci., 4(12), 66-73.
  13. Olasupo, O.A. and Omotoyinbo, J.A. (2009), "Moulding properties of a Nigerian silica-clay mixture for foundry use", Appl. Clay Sci., 45(4), 244-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2009.05.001
  14. Pinal Corporation (2007), Standard Sand for cement (Quartzanium), Ahmedabad, India.
  15. Raveia, M.A., Hendrickson, S.B., Fitzgerald, J.T., Krekeler, M.P.S. and Kearns, L.E. (2008), "Investigations of impurities of the Ottawa standard sand", Proceedings Joint Meeting of Geologic. Soc. of Am., Soil Sci. Soc. Am., Am. Soc. Agronom., Crop Sci. Soc. Am., Gulf Coast Assoc. Geologic. Soc. Gulf Coast Sec. SEPM, Houston, TX, USA, October.
  16. Raw Materials Research and Development Council (RMRDC) Report (2010), Non-Metallic Mineral Endowments in Nigeria, Federal Ministry of Science and Technology, Abuja, Nigeria.
  17. Shiratori, K., Yamashita, Y. and Adachi, Y. (2007), "Deposition and subsequent release of Na-kaolinite particles by adjusting pH in the column packed with Toyoura sand", Colloid. Surface. A., 306(1-3), 137-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.04.003
  18. Ulery, A.L. and Drees, L.R. (Edited) (2008), Methods of Soil Analysis Part 5-Mineralogical Methods, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, USA.

피인용 문헌

  1. MIDP: Liquefaction Mitigation via Microbial Denitrification as a Two-Stage Process. I: Desaturation vol.143, pp.12, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001818
  2. Urban geology of Tabriz City: Environmental and geological constraints vol.5, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/aer.2016.5.2.095
  3. X-ray CT analysis of pore structure in sand vol.7, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-929-2016
  4. Local Silica Sand as a Substitute for Standard Ottawa Sand in Testing of Cement Mortar vol.1000, pp.None, 2012, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1000.220
  5. Experimental Study on the Roundness of Silica Sand from Sidrap: Improvement by Means of Abrasion and Measurement Using a Practical New Method vol.884, pp.None, 2012, https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.884.405