DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Seismic performance of concrete frames reinforced with superelastic shape memory alloys

  • Youssef, M.A. (The University of Western Ontario, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering) ;
  • Elfeki, M.A. (The University of Western Ontario, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering)
  • 투고 : 2011.08.10
  • 심사 : 2012.03.10
  • 발행 : 2012.04.25

초록

Reinforced concrete (RC) framed buildings dissipate the seismic energy through yielding of the reinforcing bars. This yielding jeopardizes the serviceability of these buildings as it results in residual lateral deformations. Superelastic Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) can recover inelastic strains by stress removal. Since SMA is a costly material, this paper defines the required locations of SMA bars in a typical RC frame to optimize its seismic performance in terms of damage scheme and seismic residual deformations. The intensities of five earthquakes causing failure to a typical RC six-storey building are defined and used to evaluate seven SMA design alternatives.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. ACI 318 (2005), Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318-05) and commentary (ACI 318R- 05), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills MI, USA.
  2. Alam, M.S., Youssef, M.A. and Nehdi, M. (2007), "Utilizing shape memory alloys to enhance the performance and safety of civil infrastructure: a review", Can. J. Civil Eng., 34(9), 1075-1086. https://doi.org/10.1139/l07-038
  3. Alam, M.S., Youssef, M.A. and Nehdi, M. (2008), "Analytical prediction of the seismic behaviour of superelastic shape memory alloy reinforced concrete elements", Eng. Struct., 30(12), 3399-3411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.05.025
  4. Alam, M.S., Nehdi, M. and Youssef, M.A. (2009), "Seismic performance of concrete frame structures reinforced with superelastic shape memory alloys", Smart Struct. Syst., 5(5), 565-585. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2009.5.5.565
  5. ANSYS (2005), Version 10.0, ANSYS, Inc., Canonsburg, PA, USA.
  6. Auricchio, F. and Sacco, E. (1997), "Superelastic shape-memory-alloy beam model", J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 8(6), 489-501. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389X9700800602
  7. Auricchio, F., Taylor, R.L. and Lubliner, J. (1997), "Shape-memory alloys: macromodelling and numerical simulations of the superelastic behaviour", Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng., 146(3-4), 281-312. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7825(96)01232-7
  8. Bassem, A. and Desroches, R. (2008), "Sensitivity of seismic applications to different shape memory alloy models", J. Eng. Mech.- ASCE, 134(2), 173-183. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2008)134:2(173)
  9. Bracci, J.M., Reinhorn, A.M. and Mander, J.B. (1992), Seismic resistance of reinforced concrete frame structures designed only for gravity loads: Part I - Design and properties of a one-third scale model structure, Technical Report NCEER-92-0027, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA.
  10. Broderick, B.M. and Elnashai, A.S. (1994), "Seismic resistance of composite beam-columns in multi-storey structures, Part 2: Analytical model and discussion of results", J. Constr. Steel Res., 30(3), 231-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-974X(94)90002-7
  11. Clark, P.W., Aiken, I.D., Kelly, J.M., Higashino, M. and Krumme, R. (1995), "Experimental and analytical studies of shape-memory alloy dampers for structural control", Proceedings of the Passive Damping, San Diego, CA, USA.
  12. DesRoches, R. and Delemont, M. (2002), "Seismic retrofit of simply supported bridges using shape memory alloys", Eng. Struct., 24(3), 325-332. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(01)00098-0
  13. DesRoches, R., McCormick, J. and Delemont, M. (2004), "Cyclic properties of superelastic shape memory alloy wires and bars", J. Struct. Eng.- ASCE, 130(1), 38-46. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:1(38)
  14. Dymiotis, C. (2000), Probabilistic seismic assessment of reinforced concrete buildings with and without masonry infills, Ph.D. thesis, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK.
  15. Elbahy, Y.I., Youssef, M.A. and Nehdi, M. (2009), "Stress block parameters for concrete flexural members reinforced with shape memory alloys", Mater. Struct., 42(10), 1335-1351. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-008-9453-z
  16. Elbahy, Y.I., Youssef, M.A. and Nehdi, M. (2010a), "Deflection of superelastic shape memory alloy reinforced concrete beams: assessment of existing models", Can. J. Civil Eng., 37(6), 842-854. https://doi.org/10.1139/L10-038
  17. Elbahy, Y.I., Nehdi, M. and Youssef, M.A. (2010b), "Artificial neural network model for deflection analysis of superelastic shape memory alloy RC beams", Can. J. Civil Eng., 37(6), 855-865. https://doi.org/10.1139/L10-039
  18. FEMA 273 (1997), NEHRP guidelines for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC, USA.
  19. Ghobarah, A., Aly, N.M. and El-Attar, M. (1998) "Seismic reliability assessment of existing reinforced concrete building", J. Earthq. Eng., 2(4), 569-592.
  20. IBC (2006), International Building Code, International Code Council, Country Club Hills, IL.
  21. Izzuddin, B.A. (1991), Nonlinear dynamic analysis of framed structures, PhD Thesis, Imperial College, University of London, London.
  22. Jeong, S.H. and Elnashai, A. (2005), "Analytical assessment of an irregular RC frame for full-scale 3D pseudodynamic testing part I: analytical model verification", J. Earthq. Eng., 9(1), 95-128.
  23. Kappos, A.J. (1997), "A comparative assessment of R/C structures designed to the 1995 Eurocode 8 and the 1985 CEB seismic code", Struct. Des.Tall Build., 6(1), 59-83. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1794(199703)6:1<59::AID-TAL85>3.0.CO;2-8
  24. Martinez-Rueda, J.E. and Elnashai, A.S. (1997), "Confined concrete model under cyclic load", Mater. Struct., 30(197), 139-147. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02486385
  25. McCormick, J., Desroches, R., Fugazza, D. and Auricchio, F. (2006), "Seismic vibration control using superelastic shape memory alloys", J. Eng. Mater. Technol., 128(3), 294-301. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2203109
  26. McCormick, P.G., Liu, Y. and Miyazaki, S. (1993), "Intrinsic thermalmechanical behavior associated with the stress-induced martensitic transformation of NiTi", Mater. Sci. Eng. A - Struct.,167(1-2), 51-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(93)90336-D
  27. MacGregor, J.G. and Wight, J.K. (2005), Reinforced concrete mechanics and design, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA.
  28. Mwafy, A.M. and Elnashai, A.S. (2001), "Static pushover versus dynamic collapse analysis of RC buildings", Eng. Struct., 23(5), 407-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(00)00068-7
  29. Paulay, T. and Priestley, M.J.N. (1992), Seismic design of reinforced concrete and masonry buildings, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA.
  30. Roufaiel, M.S.L. and Meyer, C. (1983), "Performance based seismic design", Proceedings of the 12th world conference on Earthquake Engineering, New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, Auckland, New Zealand, paper ID: 2831, (on CD).
  31. Saadat, S., Salichs, J., Duval, L., Noori, M., Hou, Z., Baron, I. and Davoodi, H. (1999), "Utilization of shape memory alloys for structural vibration control", Proceedings of the U.S./Japan Workshop on Smart Materials and New Technologies for Improvement of Seismic Performance of Urban Structures, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
  32. Saiidi, M.S. and Wang, H. (2006), "Exploratory study of seismic response of concrete columns with shape memory alloys reinforcement", ACI Struct. J., 103(3), 435-442.
  33. Sakai, Y., Kitagawa, Y., Fukuta, T. and Iiba, M. (2003), "Experimental study on enhancement of self-restoration of concrete beams using SMA wire", Proceedings of the SPIE Vol. 5057, Smart Structures and Materials, Smart Systems and Non destructive Evaluation for Civil Infrastructures, San Diego, CA, USA.
  34. Sakai, J. and Mahin, S.A., (2004), "Mitigation of residual displacements of circular reinforced concrete bridge columns", Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
  35. Sakai, J. and Mahin, S. (2005), "Earthquake simulator tests on the mitigation of residual displacement of reinforced concrete bridge columns", Proceedings of the 21st US-Japan Bridge Engineering Workshop, Tsukuba Japan, FHWA, McLean, VA, October 2005.
  36. SEAOC (1995), Performance Based Seismic Engineering of Buildings, Vision 2000 Committee, Structural Engineering Association of California, Sacramento, California.
  37. SeismoSoft (2008), "SeismoStruct - A computer program for static and dynamic nonlinear analysis of framed structures", Available from URL: http://www.seismosoft.com.
  38. Shome, N. and Cornell, C.A. (1999), Probabilistic seismic demand analysis of non-linear structures, Report No. RMS-35, RMS Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
  39. Sozen, M.A. (1981), Review of Earthquake Response of Reinforced Concrete Buildings with a View to Drift Control, State-of-the-Art in Earthquake Engineering, Turkish National Committee on Earthquake Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey.
  40. Stephens, J.E. and Yao, J.T.P. (1987), "Damage assessment using response measurements", J. Struct. Eng.- ASCE, 113(4), 787-801. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1987)113:4(787)
  41. Toussi, S. and Yao, J.T.P. (1982), "Hysteresis identification of existing structures", J. Eng. Mech.- ASCE, 109(5), 1189-1203.
  42. Valente, C., Cardone, D., Lamunaca, B.G. and Penzo, F.M. (1999), Shaking Table Tests of Structures with Conventional and SMA Based Protection Devices, MANSIDE Project, Italian Department for National Technical Services, Rome, Italy, 11177-11192.
  43. Vamvatsikos, D. and Cornell, C.A. (2002), "Incremental dynamic analysis", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 31(3), 491- 514. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.141
  44. Wang, H. (2004), A Study of RC Columns with Shape-memory-alloy and Engineered Cementitious Composites, M.Sc. thesis, University of Nevada, USA.
  45. Youssef, M.A., Alam, M.S. and Nehdi, M. (2008), "Experimental investigation on the seismic behaviour of beam-column joints reinforced with superelastic shape memory alloys", J. Earthq. Eng., 12(7), 1205-1222. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460802003082

피인용 문헌

  1. A simple and efficient 1-D macroscopic model for shape memory alloys considering ferro-elasticity effect vol.16, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2015.16.4.641
  2. Ductile corrosion-free GFRP-stainless steel reinforced concrete elements vol.182, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.09.037
  3. Seismic Retrofit of Concrete Shear Walls with SMA Tension Braces vol.144, pp.2, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001936
  4. Use of SMA bars to enhance the seismic performance of SMA braced RC frames vol.6, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2014.6.3.267
  5. Shape memory alloy reinforced concrete frames vulnerable to strong vertical excitations vol.13, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2017.08.011
  6. Seismic retrofit in building structures using shape memory alloys vol.19, pp.4, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-015-0261-z
  7. SMA tension brace for retrofitting concrete shear walls vol.140, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2017.02.045
  8. Seismic performance of reinforced concrete frames retrofitted using external superelastic shape memory alloy bars pp.1573-1456, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-0477-7
  9. Seismic Performance of Modular Steel-Braced Frames Utilizing Superelastic Shape Memory Alloy Bolts in the Vertical Module Connections pp.1559-808X, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2018.1453394
  10. Modeling of Concrete Shear Walls Retrofitted with SMA Tension Braces pp.1559-808X, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2018.1452804
  11. Behavior of exterior concrete beam-column joints reinforced with Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) bars vol.28, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12989/scs.2018.28.1.083
  12. Earthquake effect on the concrete walls with shape memory alloy reinforcement vol.24, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2019.24.4.491