DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Can finite element and closed-form solutions for laterally loaded piles be identical?

  • Sawant, Vishwas A. (Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology) ;
  • Shukla, Sanjay Kumar (Discipline of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University)
  • Received : 2012.01.06
  • Accepted : 2012.06.01
  • Published : 2012.07.25

Abstract

The analysis of laterally loaded piles is generally carried out by idealizing the soil mass as Winkler springs, which is a crude approximation; however this approach gives reasonable results for many practical applications. For more precise analysis, the three- dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) is one of the best alternatives. The FEA uses the modulus of elasticity $E_s$ of soil, which can be determined in the laboratory by conducting suitable laboratory tests on undisturbed soil samples. Because of the different concepts and idealizations in these two approaches, the results are expected to vary significantly. In order to investigate this fact in detail, three-dimensional finite element analyses were carried out using different combinations of soil and pile characteristics. The FE results related to the pile deflections are compared with the closed-form solutions in which the modulus of subgrade reaction $k_s$ is evaluated using the well-known $k_s-E_s$ relationship. In view of the observed discrepancy between the FE results and the closed-form solutions, an improved relationship between the modulus of subgrade reaction and the elastic constants is proposed, so that the solutions from the closed-form equations and the FEA can be closer to each other.

Keywords

References

  1. Ashour, M., Norris, G.M. and Pilling, P. (1998), "Laterally loading of a pile in layered soil using the strain wedge model", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 124(4), 303-315. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:4(303)
  2. Basu, D., Salgado, R. and Prezz, M. (2009), "A continuum-based model for analysis of laterally loaded piles in layered soils", Geotechnique, 59(2), 127-140. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2007.00011
  3. Bowles, J.E. (1997), Foundation Analysis and Design, 6th edition, McGraw-Hill International Press.
  4. Budhu, M. and Davies, T.G. (1988), "Analysis of laterally loaded piles in soft clays", J. Geotech. Eng., 114(1), 21-39. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1988)114:1(21)
  5. Chae, K.S., Ugai, K. and Wakai, A. (2004), "Lateral resistance of short single piles and pile groups located near slopes", Int. J. Geomech., 4(2), 93-103. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2004)4:2(93)
  6. Das, B.M. (1999), Principles of Foundation Engineering, 4th Edition, PWS Publishing, Pacific Grove, CA.
  7. Davisson, M.T. and Gill, H.L. (1963), "Laterally loaded piles in a layered soil system", J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 89(3), 63-94.
  8. Desai, C.S. and Appel, G.C. (1976), "3-D analysis of laterally loaded structures", Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Numerical Methods in Geomechanics, Blacksburg, 405-418.
  9. Dewaikar, D.M., Chore, H.S., Goel, M.D. and Mutgi, P.R. (2011), "Lateral resistance of long piles in cohesive soils using p-y curves", J. Struct. Eng., 38(3), 222-227.
  10. Fan, C.C. and Long, J.H. (2005), "Assessment of existing methods for predicting soil response of laterally loaded piles in sand", Comput. Geotech., 32(4), 274-289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2005.02.004
  11. Harikumar, A., Dodagoudar, G.R. and Quadri, S.S. (2005), "Response analysis of laterally loaded piles using nonlinear p-y curves", Proc. Indian Geotechnical Conference-2005, 55-58.
  12. Hetenyi, M. (1946), Beams on Elastic Foundation, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
  13. Houston, W.N., Walsh, K.D., Harraz, A.M. and Houston, S.L. (2005), "Moment/rotation effects on laterally loaded drilled shaft group response", Int. J. Geomech., 5(4), 304-310. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2005)5:4(304)
  14. Karthigeyan, S., Ramakrishna, V.V.G.S.T. and Rajagopal, K. (2006), "Influence of vertical load on the lateral response of piles in sand", Comput. Geotech., 33, 121-131 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2005.12.002
  15. Karthigeyan, S., Ramakrishna, V.V.G.S.T. and Rajagopal, K. (2007), "Numerical investigation of the effect of vertical load on the lateral response of piles", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., ASCE, 133(5), 512-521. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:5(512)
  16. Matlock, H. (1970), "Correlations for design of laterally loaded piles in soft clay", Proc., 2nd Offshore Technology Conf., Houston, 577-594.
  17. Matlock, H. and Reese, L.C. (1960), "Generalized solutions for laterally loaded piles", J. Soil Mech. Found., 86(5), 63-91.
  18. Norris, G.M. (1986), "Theoretically based BEF laterally loaded pile analysis", Proceedings 3rd International Conference on Numerical Methods in Offshore Piling, Nantes, France.
  19. Osman, A. and Randolph, M. (2011), "An analytical solution for the consolidation around a laterally loaded pile", International Journal of Geomechanics, March.
  20. Pise, P.J. (1982), "Laterally loaded piles in a two-layer soil system", J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., 108(9), 1177-1181.
  21. Poulos, H.G. (1971), "Behavior of laterally loaded piles-I: Single piles", J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 97(5), 711-731.
  22. Poulos, H.G. and Davis, E.H. (1980), Pile Foundation Analysis and Design, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
  23. Prakash, S. (1962), "Behaviour of pile groups subjected to lateral loads", Ph.D. Thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana.
  24. Prakash, S. and Kumar, S. (1996), "Nonlinear lateral pile deflection prediction in sands", J. Geotech. Eng., 122(2), 130-138 https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1996)122:2(130)
  25. Randolph, M.F. (1981), "The response of flexible piles to lateral loading", Geotechnique, 31(2), 247-259. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1981.31.2.247
  26. Reese, L.C. and Matlock, H. (1956), "Non-dimensional solutions for laterally loaded piles with soil modulus assumed proportional to depth", Proceedings of the 8th Texas Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Austin, Texas.
  27. Reese, L.C. and Welch, R.C. (1975), "Lateral loading of deep foundations in stiff clay", J. Geotech. Eng. Div., 101(7), 633-649.
  28. Selvadurai, A.P.S. (1979), Elastic Analysis of Soil-Foundation Interactions, Elsevier Scientific Publishing, Netherlands.
  29. Teng, W.C. (1962), Foundation Design, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
  30. Terzaghi, K. (1955), "Evaluation of coefficient of subgrade reaction", Geotechnique, 5(4), 297-326. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1955.5.4.297
  31. Terzaghi, K. and Peck, R.B. (1967), Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice, Second edition, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
  32. Vesic, A.B. (1961), "Beams on elastic subgrade and Winkler's hypothesis", Proceedings of the 5th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanic and Foundation Engineering, Paris.
  33. Winkler, E. (1867), Die Lehre von der Elasticitaet und Festigkeit, Prag, Dominicus.
  34. Zhang, L. (2009), "Nonlinear analysis of laterally loaded rigid piles in cohesionless soil", Comput. Geotech., 36, 718-724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2008.12.001
  35. Zienkiewicz, O.C. (1977), Finite Element Method, 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill.

Cited by

  1. Numerical investigations of pile load distribution in pile group foundation subjected to vertical load and large moment vol.10, pp.5, 2016, https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2016.10.5.577
  2. Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Laterally Loaded Piles in Sloping Ground 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-012-0022-6
  3. Research on non-destructive testing technology for existing bridge pile foundations vol.7, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.12989/smm.2020.7.1.043