Structural Engineering and Mechanics

  • 제43권2호
  • /
  • Pages.179-197
  • /
  • 2012
  • /
  • 1225-4568(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1598-6217(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Instrumentation and system identification of a typical school building in Istanbul

  • 투고 : 2011.02.01
  • 심사 : 2012.05.31
  • 발행 : 2012.07.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

This study presents the findings of the structural health monitoring and the real time system identification of one of the first large scale building instrumentations in Turkey for earthquake safety. Within this context, a thorough review of steps in the instrumentation, monitoring is presented and seismic performance evaluation of structures using both nonlinear pushover and nonlinear dynamic time history analysis is carried out. The sensor locations are determined using the optimal sensor placement techniques used in NASA for on orbit modal identification of large space structures. System identification is carried out via the stochastic subspace technique. The results of the study show that under ambient vibrations, stocky buildings can be substantially stiffer than what is predicted by the finite element models due to the presence of a large number of partitioning walls. However, in a severe earthquake, it will not be safe to rely on this resistance due to the fact that once the partitioning walls crack, the bare frame contributes to the lateral stiffness of the building alone. Consequently, the periods obtained from system identification will be closer to those obtained from the FE analysis. A technique to control the validity of the proportional damping assumption is employed that checks the presence of phase difference in displacements of different stories obtained from band pass filtered records and it is confirmed that the "proportional damping assumption" is valid for this structure. Two different techniques are implemented for identifying the influence of the soil structure interaction. The first technique uses the transfer function between the roof and the basement in both directions. The second technique uses a pre-whitening filter on the data obtained from both the basement and the roof. Subsequently the impulse response function is computed from the scaled cross correlation between the input and the output. The overall results showed that the structure will satisfy the life safety performance level in a future earthquake but some soil structure interaction effects should be expected in the North South direction.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Akaike, H. (1967), "Some problems in the application of the cross spectral method", Spectral Analysis of Time Series, Ed. B. Harris, John Wiley and Sons, NY, USA.
  2. ANSYS (2010), Robust Simulation and Analysis Software, http://www.ansys.com, release 10.0, ANSYS incorporated.
  3. Bakir, P.G. (2008), "Damage identification in existing buildings using real time system identification techniques and finite element model updating", In TUBITAK Project No:107M573, ITU, Istanbul, Turkey.
  4. Bakir, P.G. (2011a), "Automation of the stabilization diagrams for subspace based system identification", Exp. Syst. Appl., 38(12), 14390-14397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2011.04.021
  5. Bakir, P.G. (2011b), "Deterministic stochastic subspace system identification in buildings", Struct. Eng. Mech., 38(2), 315-332. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2011.38.3.315
  6. Bakir, P.G. (2011c), "Evaluation of optimal sensor placement techniques for parameter identification in buildings", Math. Comput. Appl. (in press)
  7. Bakir, P.G., Reynders, E. and De Roeck, G. (2007a), "Sensitivity based finite element model updating using constrained optimization with a trust region algorithm", J. Sound Vib., 305(1-2), 211-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2007.03.044
  8. Bakir, P.G., De Roeck, G., Degrande, G. and Wong, K.K.F. (2007b), "Seismic risk assessment for the mega-city of Istanbul: Ductility, strength and maximum interstory drift demands", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 27(12), 1101-1117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2006.12.006
  9. Bakir, P.G., Reynders, E. and De Roeck, G. (2008), "An improved finite element model updating method by the global optimization technique 'Coupled Local Minimizers'", Comput. Struct., 86(11-12), 1339-1352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2007.08.009
  10. Bayraktar, A., Altunisik A.C., Sevim, B. and Turket, T. (2009a), "Modal testing, finite element model updating, and dynamic analysis of an arch type steel foot- bridg", J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 23(3), 81-89. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(2009)23:2(81)
  11. Bayraktar, A., Birinci, F. and Altunisik, A.C. (2009b), "Finite element model updating of Senyuva historical arch bridge using ambient vibration tests", Baltic J. Road Bridge Eng., 4(4), 177-185. https://doi.org/10.3846/1822-427X.2009.4.177-185
  12. Bayraktar, A., Altunisik, A.C. and Birinci, F. (2010), "Finite-element analysis and vibration testing of a two-span masonry arch bridge", J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 24(1), 46-52. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000060
  13. Brownjohn, J.M.W., Dumanoglu, A.A., Severn, R.T. and Taylor, C.A.L. (1987), "Ambient vibration measurements of the Humber Suspension Bridge and comparison with calculated characteristics", Proceedings of the ICE, 83, 561-600.
  14. Brownjohn, J.M.W., Dumanoglu, A.A. and Severn, R.T. (1992), "Ambient vibration survey of the Fatih Sultan Mehmet (Second Bosphorus) suspension bridge", Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 21, 907-924. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290211005
  15. Chen, B., Xu, Y.L. and Zhao, X. (2010), "Integrated vibration control and health monitoring of building structures: a time-domain approach", Smart Struct. Syst., 6(7), 811-835. https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2010.6.7.811
  16. Doebling, S.W. (1996), "Measurement of structural flexibility matrices for experiments with incomplete reciprocity", PhD Thesis, Colorado University, http://sdel.colorado.edu/Publications/1995/Theses/Doebling PhD.pdf, USA.
  17. Fraser, M., Elgamal, A., He, X.F. and Conte, J.P. (2010), "Sensor network for structural health monitoring of a highway bridge", J. Comput. Civil Eng., 24(1), 11-24. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000005
  18. Gundes Bakir, P. (2011), "The combined deterministic stochastic subspace based system identification in buildings", Struct. Eng. Mech., 38(3), 315-332. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2011.38.3.315
  19. Hong, A.L., Betti, R. and Lin, C.C.I. (2009), "Identification of dynamic models of a building structure using multiple earthquake records", Struct. Control Hlth. Monit., 16(2), 178-199. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.289
  20. Imamovic, N. (1998), "Model validation of large finite element model using test data", PhD Thesis, Imperial College, London, UK.
  21. Kammer, D.C. (2005), "Sensor set expansion for modal vibration testing", Mech. Syst. Signal Pr., 19(4), 700-716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2004.06.003
  22. Kammer, D.C. (1991), "Sensor placement for on-orbit modal identification and correlation of large space structures", J. Guid. Control Dyn., 14(2), 251-259. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.20635
  23. Karakan, P. (2009), "Determining the performance level of an existing reinforced concrete structure using static pushover and dynamic time history analysis", MSc Thesis, Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
  24. Kim, H.B. and Park, Y.S. (1997), "Sensor placement guide for structural joint stiffness model improvement", Mech. Syst. Signal Pr., 11(5), 651-672. https://doi.org/10.1006/mssp.1997.0108
  25. Ko, J.M., Ni, Y.Q., Zhou, H.F., Wang, J.Y. and Zhou, X.T. (2009), "Investigation concerning structural health monitoring of an instrumented cable-stayed bridge", Struct. Infrastr. Eng., 5(6), 497-513. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732470701627893
  26. Kohler, M.D., Davis, P.M. and Safak, E. (2005), "Earthquake and ambient vibration monitoring of the steel-frame UCLA factor building", Earthq. Spectra, 21(3), 715-736. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1946707
  27. Magalhaes, F. and Cunha, A. (2011), "Explaining operational modal analysis with data from Ana arch bridge", Mech. Syst. Signal Pr., 25(5), 1431-1450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2010.08.001
  28. Magalhaes, F., Cunha, A. and Caetano, E. (2008), "Dynamic monitoring of a long span arch bridge", Eng. Struct., 30, 3034-3044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.04.020
  29. Magalhaes, F., Cunha, A. and Caetano, E. (2009), "Online automatic identification of the modal parameters of a long span arch bridge", Mech. Syst. Signal Pr., 23(2), 316-329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2008.05.003
  30. Marek, E.L., Larson, C.B. and Zimmerman, D.C. (1994), "A comparison of modal test planning techniques: excitation and sensor placement using the NASA 8-bay truss", Proceedings of the 12th International Modal Analysis Conference, Honolulu, Hawaii.
  31. Ministry of Public Works and Settlement (2007), Specification for Structures to be Built in Disaster Areas, Government of Republic of Turkey.
  32. Safak, E. (1993), "Response of a 42 storey steel frame building to the Ms=7.1 Loma-Prieta earthquake", Eng. Struct., 15(6), 403-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(93)90059-D
  33. Safak, E. (1995), "Detection and identification of soil structure interaction in buildings from vibration recordings", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 121(5), 899-906. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1995)121:5(899)
  34. Sezgin, G. (2008), "Determining the performance level of an existing reinforced concrete structure using pushover analysis and according to different soil types", MSc Thesis, Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
  35. Stein, R.R.S. Barka, A. Parsons, T., Toda, S. and Dieterich, J.H. (2000), "Heightened odds of large earthquakes near Istanbul: An interaction based probability calculation", Science, 288(5466), 661-665. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5466.661
  36. Tezcan, S., Ipek, M., Petrovski, J. and Paskalov, T. (1975), "Forced vibration survey of Istanbul Bogazici Bridge", Proceedings of the 5th ECEE, Vol. 2, Istanbul, Turkey.
  37. Van Overschee, P. and De Moor, B. (1996), Subspace Identification for Linear Systems, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Massachusetts, USA.
  38. Ventura, C.E., Finn, W.D.L., Lord, J.F. and Fujita, N. (2003), "Dynamic characteristics of a base isolated building from ambient vibration measurements and low level earthquake shaking", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 23(4), 313-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(02)00208-7
  39. Yoshimoto, R., Mita, A. and Okada, K. (2005), "Damage detection of base- isolated buildings using multi-input multi-output subspace identification", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 34(3), 307-324. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.435
  40. Website of the instrumented building (last accessed: 2007), Available at: www.erenkoy.k12.tr/.
  41. Website of the Istanbul Metropolitan City Municipality (last accessed: 2010), http://www.ibb.gov.tr.

피인용 문헌

  1. Investigation of the Seismic Behavior of a Historical Masonry Minaret Considering the Interaction with Surrounding Structures 2017, https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2017.1309725
  2. Investigation of existing damage mechanism and retrofitting of Skeuophylakion under seismic loads vol.137, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.11.045
  3. Evaluation of the different genetic algorithm parameters and operators for the finite element model updating problem vol.11, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2013.11.6.541
  4. A computer-vision based vibration transducer scheme for structural health monitoring applications vol.29, pp.8, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ab9062
  5. Seismic Retrofit Assessment of a School Building through Operational Modal Analysis and f.e. Modeling vol.147, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0002865