Membrane and Water Treatment

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Modification of polyamide reverse osmosis membranes seeking for better resistance to oxidizing agents

  • Silva, Lucinda F. (IMA/UFRJ, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) ;
  • Michel, Ricardo C. (IMA/UFRJ, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro) ;
  • Borges, Cristiano P. (PEQ/COPPE/UFRJ, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro)
  • Received : 2011.10.27
  • Accepted : 2012.05.15
  • Published : 2012.07.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

One of the major limitations in the use of commercial aromatic polyamide thin film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes is to maintain high performance over a long period of operation, due to the sensitivity of polyamide (PA) skin layer to oxidizing agents, such as chlorine, even at very low concentrations in feed water. This article reports surface modification of a commercial TFC RO membrane (BW30-Dow Filmtec) by covering it with a thin film of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) to improve its resistance to chlorine. Crosslinking reaction was carried out at 25 and $40^{\circ}C$ by using PVA 1.0 wt.% solutions at different GA/PVA mass ratio, namely 0.0022, 0.0043 and 0.013. Water swelling measurements indicated a maximum crosslinking density for PVA films prepared at $40^{\circ}C$ and GA/PVA 0.0043. ATR-FTIR and TGA analysis confirmed the reaction between GA and PVA. SEM images of the original and modified membranes were used to evaluate the surface coating. Chlorine resistance of original and modified membranes was evaluated by exposing it to an oxidant solution (NaClO 300 mg/L, NaCl 2,000 mg/L, pH 9.5) and measuring water permeability and salt rejection during more than 100 h period. The surface modification effectively was demonstrated by increasing the chlorine resistance of PA commercial membrane from 1,000 ppm.h to more than 15.000 ppm.h.

Keywords

References

  1. An, Q., Li, F., Ji, Y. and Chen, H. (2011), "Influence of polyvinyl alcohol on the surface morphology, separation and anti-fouling performance of the composite polyamide nanofiltration membranes", J. Membrane Sci., 367(1-2), 158-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2010.10.060
  2. Avlonits, S., Hanbury, W.T. and Hodgkiess, T. (1992), "Chlorine degradation of aromatic polyamide", Desalination, 85(3), 321-334. https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(92)80014-Z
  3. Baker, R.W. (2004), Membrane Technology and Applications, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester.
  4. Bolto, B., Tran, T., Hoang, M. and Xie, Z. (2009), "Crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes", Progress in Polymer Science, 34(9), 969-981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2009.05.003
  5. Buch, P.R., Mohan, D.J. and Reddy, A.V.R. (2008), "Preparation, characterization and chlorine stability of aromatic-cycloaliphatic polyamide thin film composite membranes", J. Membrane Sci., 309(1-2), 36-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2007.10.004
  6. Cadotte, J.E. (1981), "Interfacially synthesized reverse osmosis membrane", US Patent 4,277,344.
  7. Cadotte, J.E. and Rozelle, L.T. (1972), "In situ formed condensation of polymers for reverse osmosis membranes", OSW PB-Report, No. 927.
  8. Figueiredo, K.C.S., Alves, T.L.M. and Borges, C.P. (2009), "Poly(vinyl alcohol) Films Crosslinked by Glutaraldehyde Under Mild Conditions", J. Appl. Polymer Sci., 111(6), 3074-3080. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.29263
  9. Fritzmann, C., Lowenberg, J., Wintgens, T. and Melin, T. (2007), "State-of-the-art of reverse osmosis desalination", Desalination, 216(1-3), 1-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.12.009
  10. Glater, J., Hong, S. and Elimelech, M. (1994), "The search for a chorine-resistant reverse osmosis membrane", Desalination, 95, 325-345. https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-9164(94)00068-9
  11. Harris, D.C. (1991), Quantitative Chemical Analysis, W.H. Freeman & Co, New York.
  12. Hyder, M.N., Huang, R.Y.M. and Chen, P. (2009), "Composite poly(vinyl alcohol)-poly(sulfone) membranes crosslinked by trimesoyl chloride: Characterization and dehydration of ethylene glycol-water mixtures", J. Membrane Sci., 326(2), 363-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2008.10.017
  13. Kang, G-D., Gao, C-J., Chen, W-D., Jie, X-M., Cao, Y-M. and Yuan, Q. (2007), "Study on hypochlorite degradation of aromatic polyamide reverse osmosis membrane", J. Membrane Sci., 300(1-2), 165-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2007.05.025
  14. Kim, C.K., Kim, J.H., Roh, I.J. and Kim, J.J. (2000), "The changes of membranes performance with polyamide molecular structure in the reverse osmosis process", J. Membrane Sci., 165(2), 189-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-7388(99)00232-X
  15. Kim, I.C., Ka, Y.H., Park, J.Y. and Lee, K.H. (2004), "Preparation of fouling resistant nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes and their use for dyeing wastewater effluent", J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 10, 115-121.
  16. Kwon, Y-N. and Leckie, J.O. (2006), "Hypochlorite degradation of crosslinked polyamide membranes I. Changes in chemical/morphological properties", J. Membrane Sci., 283(1-2), 21-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2006.06.008
  17. Kwon, Y-N. and Leckie, J.O. (2006), "Hypochlorite degradation of crosslinked polyamide membranes II. Changes in hydrogen bonding behavior and performance", J. Membrane Sci., 282(1-2), 456-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2006.06.004
  18. Li, B-B., Xu, Z-L., Qusay, F.A. and Li, R. (2006), "Chitosan-poly (vinyl alcohol)/poly (acrylonitrile) (CS-PVA/ PAN) composite pervaporation membranes for the separation of ethanol-water solutions", Desalination, 193(1-3), 171-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.08.021
  19. Liu, M., Chen, Z., Yu, S., Wu, D. and Gao, C. (2011), "Thin-film composite polyamide reverse osmosis membranes with improved acid stability and chlorine resistance by coating N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide copolymers", Desalination, 270(1-3), 248-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.11.052
  20. Loeb, S. and Sourirajan, S. (1964), U.S. Patent 3,133,132.
  21. Majumdar, S. and Adhikari, B. (2006), "Polyvinyl alcohol: A taste sensing material", Sensors and Actuators B, 114(2), 747-755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2005.07.052
  22. Mansur, H.S., Sadahira, C.M., Souza, A.N. and Mansur, A.A.P. (2008), "FTIR spectroscopy characterization of poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel with different hydrolysis degree and chemically crosslinked with glutaraldehyde", Mater. Sci. Eng., 28(4), 539-548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2007.10.088
  23. Petersen, R.J. (1993), "Composite reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes", J. Membrane Sci., 83(1), 81-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(93)80014-O
  24. Svang-Ariyaskul, A., Huang, R.Y.M., Douglas, P.L., Pal, R., Feng, X., Chen, P. and Liu, L. (2006), "Blended chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol membranes for the pervaporation dehydration of isopropanol", J. Membrane Sci., 280(1-2), 815-823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2006.03.001
  25. Tang, C.Y., Kwon, Y-N. and Leckie, J.O. (2008), "Effect of membrane chemistry and coating layer on physiochemical properties of thin film composite polyamide RO and NF membranes I. FTIR and XPS characterization of polyamide and coating layer chemistry", Desalination, 242(1-3), 149-167.
  26. Yeom, C.K. and Lee, K.H. (1996), "Pervaporation separation of water-acetic acid mixtures through poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes crosslinked with glutaraldehyde", J. Membrane Sci., 109(2), 257-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(95)00196-4
  27. Yu, S., Liu, M., Lu, Z., Zhou, Y. and Gao, C. (2009), "Aromatic-cycloaliphatic polyamide thin-film composite membrane with improved chlorine resistance prepared from m-phenylenediamine-4-methyl and cyclohexane-1,3,5-tricarbonyl chloride", J. Membrane Sci., 344(1-2), 155-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2009.07.046
  28. Yu, S. Lu, Z., Chen, Z., Liu, X., Liu, M. and Gao, C. (2011), "Surface modification of thin-film composite polyamide reverse osmosis membranes by coating N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid copolymers for improved membrane properties", J. Membrane Sci., 371(1-2), 293-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.01.059

Cited by

  1. Preparation of polyamide membranes with improved chlorine resistance by bis-2,6-N,N-(2-hydroxyethyl) diaminotoluene and trimesoyl chloride vol.331, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2013.10.006
  2. A new high performance polyamide as an effective additive for modification of antifouling properties and morphology of asymmetric PES blend ultrafiltration membranes vol.246, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2017.03.013
  3. Chemical cleaning protocols for thin film composite (TFC) polyamide forward osmosis membranes used for municipal wastewater treatment vol.475, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2014.10.032
  4. A Review of Fouling Mechanisms, Control Strategies and Real-Time Fouling Monitoring Techniques in Forward Osmosis vol.11, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3390/w11040695