Journal of Life Science (생명과학회지)

Korean Society of Life Science (한국생명과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effect of Pressurization Training with Walking on Body Composition, Respiratory Function, and Cardiovascular Response in Middle-Aged Obese Women

중년 비만여성들의 가압 트레이닝이 체성분, 호흡·순환계 기능 및 심혈관 반응에 미치는 효과

  • Choi, Hyun-Min (Department of Physical Education, Sports, and Leisure Studies, MyongJi University) ;
  • Lee, Dong-Jun (Department of Physical Education, Sports, and Leisure Studies, MyongJi University)
  • Received : 2012.02.27
  • Accepted : 2012.04.23
  • Published : 2012.04.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Pressurization walk training (PWT) with blood flow occlusion has been investigated with regard to muscle hypertrophy and physical fitness function in athletes and healthy people. However, the cardiorespiratory and cardiovascular responses of obese people to PWT are unknown. Thus, we investigated the effects of PWT on body composition (Weight, FM, LBM, %fat, BMI), cardiovascular responses (HR, SV, CO, TVC), and cardiorespiratory responses ($VO_2max$, VEmax, HRmax) in middle-aged obese women. They participated in walk training with (n=15) blood flow occlusion and cross-sectional areas of the quadriceps on both legs. Five sets of 3-min walking (5.5 km/h at 5% grade) and 1-min resting were performed twice a day, 5 days/week for 3 weeks. The results showed that the LBM was significantly increased, and decreased body weight of reducing FM, %bodyfat in PWT ($p$<0.05). For the cardiovascular response, SBP and TPR were significantly decreased ($p$<0.05), and CO increased ($p$<0.05). In addition, the $VO_2max$ and VEmax were improved through PWT. Therefore, this study suggests that the presence of obesity in middle-aged women may result in body composition, cardiorespiratory, and cardiovascular responses caused by PWT.

중년 비만여성들을 대상으로 다리 근육의 정맥 혈류를 제한한 가압 걷기 트레이닝 그룹 15명으로 연구대상자를 선정하여 3주간의 가압 걷기 트레이닝을 실시한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 가압 걷기 트레이닝을 통해 LBM에서 트레이닝 전보다 후에 1.2 kg이 증가, FM과 %fat에서는 각각 2.8 kg, 3.3% 감소하였으며, 통계적으로도 유의한 차이를 나타냈다($p$<0.05). 둘째, 가압 걷기 트레이닝을 통해 $VO_2max$와 VEmax에서 트레이닝 전보다 후에 각각 3.6 ml/kg/min, 6.0 l/min 증가하였고, HRmax에서는 7 beat/min으로 감소하였으며 통계적으로도 유의한 차이를 나타냈다($p$<0.05). 셋째, 가압 걷기 트레이닝을 통해 심혈관 반응에서 트레이닝 전보다 후에서 운동 강도가 증가함에 따라 CO과 TVC가 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 통계적으로도 유의한 차이를 나타냈다($p$<0.05). 이상의 결과로부터 가압 걷기 트레이닝을 통해서 호흡 순환계 및 심혈관 기능의 증가와 근육량 증가에 따른 체성분의 변화를 유발할 수 있다는 것을 제시하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 향후 연구에서는 연구대상자의 범위를 넓혀 노년층까지 효과를 검증하는 연구와 3주 이상의 운동을 적용시키면 보다 높은 임상학적 효과가 나타날 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Abe, T., Charles, F., Kearns, C. and Sato, Y. 2006. Muscle size and strength are increased following walk training with restricted venous blood flow from the leg muscle Kaatsu-walk training. J. Appl. Physiol. 100, 1460-1466. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01267.2005
  2. Abe, T., Kusuhara, K., Fujita, T., Brechue, W. F., Sato, Y. and Nakajima, T. 2007. Cardiovascular responses to low-intensity walking with restricted leg muscle blood flow. Med. Sci. Sport. Exerc. 39, S428.
  3. Abe, T., Yasuda, Y., Midorikawa, T., Sato, Y., Kearns, C., Inoue, K., Koizumi, K. and Ishii, N. 2005. Skeletal muscle size and circulating IGF-1 are increased after two weeks of twice daily "KAATSU" resistance training. Int. J. KAATSU. Training Res. 1, 6-12. https://doi.org/10.3806/ijktr.1.6
  4. American College of Sports Medicine. 2006. Guidelines for exercise training and prescription. (7th eds.), Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  5. Buddy, W. and Charles, L. S. 2008. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation enhances stroke volume and cardiac output during dynamic exercise. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 104, 455-461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-008-0791-x
  6. Beekley, M. D., Sato, Y. and Abe, T. 2005. KAATSU-walk training increases serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase in young men. Int. J. KAATSU. Training Res. 1, 77-81. https://doi.org/10.3806/ijktr.1.77
  7. Burgomaster, K. A., Moore, D. R., Schofield, L. M., Phillips, S. M., Sale, D. G. and Gibala, M. J. 2003. Resistance training with vascular occlusion: metabolic adaptations in human muscle. Med. Sci. Sport. Exerc. 35, 1203-1208. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000074458.71025.71
  8. Convertino, V. A. 1993. Endurance exercise training: condition of enhanced hemodynamic responses and tolerance to LBNP. Med. Sci. Sport. Exerc. 25, 705-712.
  9. Choi, H. M. and Lee, D. J. 2011. Pressurization training with short-term walk on body composition and cardiovascular response in elite soccer players. Korean J. Sport. Sci. 20, 1249-1258.
  10. Chun, J. M., Park, W. L., Jeon, B. G., Kim, J. K., Nho, H. and Choi, H. M. 2009. The effects of Pressurization training with short-term walk on cardiorespiratory responses and skeletal muscle function. J. Korean Soc. Living Environ. Sys. 16, 1-9.
  11. Haykowsky, M. J., Findlay, J. M. and Ignaszewski, A. P. 1996. Aneurysmal sub-arachnoid hemorrhage associated with weight training: three case reports. Clin. J. Sport. Med. 6, 52-55. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042752-199601000-00011
  12. Horowitz, J. F. 2003. Fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue during exercise. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 14. 386-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1043-2760(03)00143-7
  13. Iida, H., Kurano, M., Takano, H., Kubota, N., Morita, T., Meguro, K., Sato, Y., Abe, T., Yoshihisa, Y., Uno, K., Takenaka, K., Hirose, K. and Nakajima, T. 2007. Hemodynamic and neurohumoral responses to the restriction of femoral blood flow by KAAYSU in healthy subject. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 100, 275-285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-007-0430-y
  14. Ishii, N. 2002. Factors involved in the resistance-exercise stimulus and their relations to muscular hypertrophy: In exercise, nutrition and environmental stress. Cooper, MI. 119-138.
  15. Ishii, N. 2004. KAATSU training mechanism. Clin. Sport. Med. 21, 215-223.
  16. Kim, C. L. 2006. National healthy nutrition survey in 2005. The Ministry of Health and Welfare, 242.
  17. Kim, Y. K., Kwan, Y. K. and Jang, Y. W. 2002. Physical response in treadmill walking exercise after artificial weight loading. Korean J. Sport. Med. 20, 72-81.
  18. Kim, D. Y., Lee, J. A. and Yang, J. H. 2011. Effects of Hatha yoga exercise on body composition, serum Lipids, and health-related fitness of obese middle-aged women. J. Life Sci. 21, 521-528. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2011.21.4.521
  19. Madarame, H., Neya, M., Ochi, E., Nakazato, K., Sato, Y. and Ishii, N. 2008. Cross-transfer effects of resistance training with blood flow restriction. Med. Sci. Sport. Exerc. 40, 258-263. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31815c6d7e
  20. McCall, G. E., Byrnes, W. C., Fleck, S. J., Dickinson, A. and Kraemer, W. J. 1999. Acute and chronic hormonal responses to resistance training designed to promote muscle hypertrophy. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 24, 96-107. https://doi.org/10.1139/h99-009
  21. McDougall, J. D., Tuxen, D., Sale, D. G., Moroz, J. R. and Sutton, J. R. 1985. Arterial blood pressure response to heavy resistance exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 58, 785-790.
  22. Melvin, H. W. 1995. Nutrition for fitness & sports. Brown & Banchmark, 279.
  23. Park, S., Kim, J. K., Choi, H. M., Kim, H. G. and Nho, H. 2010. Increase in maximal oxygen uptake following 2-wk walk training with blood flow occlusion in athletes. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 109, 591-600. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-010-1377-y
  24. Sato, Y., Ishii, N., Nakajima, T. and Abe, T. 2007. KAATSU training: Theoretical and Practical Perspectives. Goudan Co.
  25. Sundberg, C. J. 1994. Exercise and training during graded leg ischemia in healthy man. Acta. Physiol. Scand. 615, 1-50.
  26. Tanimoto, M., Madarame, H. and Ishii, N. 2005. Muscle oxygenation and plasma growth hormone concentration during and after resistance exercise: Comparison between "KAATSU" and other types of regimen. Int. J. KAATSU. Training Res. 1, 51-56. https://doi.org/10.3806/ijktr.1.51
  27. Takano, H., Morita, T., Iida, H., Asada, K., Kato, M., Uno, K., Hirose, K., Matsumoto, A., Takenaka, K., Hirata, Y., Eto, F., Nagai, R., Sato, Y. and Nakajima, T. 2005. Hemodynamic and hormonal responses to a short-term low-intensity resistance exercise with the reduction of muscle blood flow. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 95, 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-005-1389-1
  28. Takarada, Y., Nakamura, Y., Aruga, S., Onda, T., Miyazaki, S. and Ishii, N. 2000. Rapid increase in plasma growth hormone after low-intensity resistance exercise with vascular occlusion. J. Appl. Physiol. 88, 61-65.
  29. Takarada, Y., Takazawa, H. and Ishii, N. 2000. Periodical applications of vascular occlusion diminish disuse atrophy of knee extensor muscles. Med. Sci. Sport. Exerc. 32, 2035-2039. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200012000-00011
  30. Takarada, Y., Takazawa, H., Sato, Y., Takebayashi, S., Tanaka, Y. and Ishii, N. 2000. Effects of resistance exercise combined with moderate muscular occlusion on muscular function in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 88, 2097-2106.
  31. Takarada, Y., Tsuruta, T. and Ishii, N. 2004. Cooperative effects of exercise and occlusive stimuli on muscular function in low-intensity resistance exercise with moderate vascular occlusion. Jap. J. Physiol. 54, 585-592. https://doi.org/10.2170/jjphysiol.54.585
  32. Takarada, Y., Sato, Y. and Ishii, N. 2002. Effects of resistance exercise combined with vascular occlusion on muscle function in athletes. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 86, 308-314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-001-0561-5
  33. Won, H. S. and Yang, J. K. 2010. Effects of complex training on cardiovascular risk factors in middle aged obese women. J. Life Sci. 20, 885-893. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2010.20.6.885

Cited by

  1. Impact of Waist Stabilization Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction on White Area Index of Trunk Muscle Thickness Density vol.28, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.18857/jkpt.2016.28.2.136