DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effects of Structured Social Network Types and Their Relationship to Quality of Life Satisfaction among Elderly Singles and Couples

단독가구 노인의 구조적 사회관계망 유형과 관계의 질이 생활만족도에 미치는 영향

  • 박경란 (인제대학교 생활상담복지학부.인간환경복지연구소)
  • Received : 2012.09.11
  • Accepted : 2012.10.12
  • Published : 2012.10.31

Abstract

This study examined structured social network types and their relationship to quality on life satisfaction of older adults. Respondents were 418 adults aged 60 or older living alone or as couples. The data was analyzed using K-means cluster analysis. Four networks types were identified: diverse, friend-neighbor focused, family focused, and restricted. Life satisfaction was highest for individuals in the diverse network group and lowest for individuals in the restricted network group. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that life satisfaction of the elderly was affected by the diverse network, family focused network, the relationship quality with children, the relationship quality with neighbors, and the relationship quality with relatives. Results suggested that having diverse social network in close proximity is very important in old age and structural network types may have important practical implications for improving the quality of life among the elderly.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 인제연구장학재단

References

  1. Adams, R. G., & Blieszner, R. (1995). Aging well with friends and family. The American Behavioral Scientist, 39, 209-224. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764295039002008
  2. Ann, K. S. (2005). Study on the quality of life and social support of married couples and single households elderly. Journal of the Korea Gerontological Society, 25(1), 1-19.
  3. Antonucci, T. C. (2001). Social relations: An examination of social networks, social support, and sense of control. Un J. E. Birren (Ed.), Handbook of the psychology of aging (5th ed., pp. 427-453). San Diego, CA: Academic press.
  4. Antonucci, T. C., & Akiyama, H. (1987). Social networks in adult life and a preliminary examination of the convoy model. Journal of Gerontology, 42(3), 519-527. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/42.5.519
  5. Bae, J. Y., Kim, W. H., & Yoon, K. A. (2005). Depression, suicidal thoughts and the buffering effect of social support among the elderly. Journal of the Korean Gerontological Society, 25(3), 59-73.
  6. Burton, L., Kasper, J., Shore, A., Cagney, K., LaVeist, T., Cubbin, C., & German, P. (1995). The structure of informal care: Are there differences by race? The Gerontologist, 35, 744-752. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/35.6.744
  7. Cha, S. E. (2007). Marital status of elderly: Does it really matter for health? Journal of the Korea Gerontological Society, 27(2), 371-392.
  8. Cheng, S-T., Lee, C. K. L., Chan, A .C .M., Leung, E .M. F., & Lee, J-J. (2009). Social network types and subjective well-being in Chinese older adults. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 64B(6), 713-722. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbp075
  9. Chung, S. D. (2004). Characteristics of social support network for the low income elderly people: An analysis of dyadic relationship. Journal of Welfare for the Aged, 24, 7-29.
  10. Chung, S. D., Moon, J. Y., & Kim, S. W. (2010). A study on the relationship between social networks and retirement satisfaction of old retirees. Journal of the Korea Gerontological Society, 30(4), 1145-1161.
  11. Diener, E., Emmons, R., & Larsen, R. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
  12. Doeven-Eggens, L., Fruyt, F. D., Hendriks, A. A. J., Bosker, R. J., & Lilian, M. P. C. (2008). Personality and personal network type. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(7), 689-693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.07.017
  13. Fiori, K. L., Antonucci, T. C., & Cortina, K. S. (2006). Social Network Typologies and Mental Health Among Older Adults, The Journals of Gerontology B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 61B(1), P25-P32.
  14. Fiori, K. L., Smith, J., & Antonucci, T. C. (2007). Social network types among older adults: A multidimensional approach. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 62B(6), P322-P330.
  15. Fischer, C. S., & Shavit, Y. (1995). National differences in network density: Israel and the United States. Social Networks, 17, 129-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8733(94)00251-5
  16. Gardner, P. J. (2011). Natural neighborhood networks: Important social networks in the lives of older adults aging in place. Journal of Aging Studies, 25, 263-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2011.03.007
  17. Han, G. H., & Yoon, S. E. (2004). The bilateralization of the kinship relations in Korean families: Focused on the intergenerational exchange. Journal of the Population of Korea, 27(2), 177-203.
  18. Holtzman, R. E., Rebok, G. W., Saczynski, J. S., Kouzis, A. C., Doyle, K. W., & Eaton, W. W. (2004). Social network characteristics and cognition in iddle-aged and older adults. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 59B(6), 278-284.
  19. Jun, H. J. (2003). Providing informal support to others and its correlates among older adults in Korea. Journal of the Korea Gerontological Society, 23(4), 143-161.
  20. Jun, H. J. (2004). Providing social support to others and mental health among older adults in USA. Journal of the Korea Gerontological Society, 24(1), 89-105.
  21. Jung, T. Y., & Cho, E. Y. (2005). An examination of variables influencing loneliness and life-satisfaction of the aged: With focus on emotional support. Journal of the Korea Gerontological Society, 25(1), 55-71.
  22. Kahn, R. L., Antonucci, T. C. (1980). Convoys over the life course: Attachment, roles, and social support. In P. B. Baltes & O. C. Brim (Eds.), Life-span, development, and behavior(pp. 254-283). New York: Academic Press.
  23. Kang, S. K., & Park, H. K. (2008). The study of friendship network and psychological support on life atisfaction of the elderly residents. Korean Journal of Social Welfare Research, 18, 117-139.
  24. Kim, M. R. (2006). The study of comparing the factors of affecting on the quality of life for young-old women and old-old women. Korean Journal of Social Welfare, 58(2), 197-222.
  25. Kim, D. B., & Park, S. Y. (2010). Characteristics of social network and suicidal ideation: Verifying of mediation effect of depression. Korean Journal of Social Welfare Research, 24, 109-129.
  26. Kim, H. J., Lee, J. E., & Han, S. M. (2010). Effects of the intergenerational support exchange on the successful aging. Journal of Welfare for the Aged, 47, 265-288.
  27. Kim, S. H., Kang, H. J., & Kim, Y. J. (2008). The effects of a social network for female elders living alone in rural and fishing villages on their quality of life. Korean Journal of Family Welfare, 13(3), 51-71.
  28. Kim, Y. B., & Park, J. S. (2006). A study on informal social network of elderly: Focusing on non-kin relationship. Journal of the Korean Gerontological Society, 26(2), 261-273.
  29. Knight, W. (2009). The relationships among early maternal emotional support, career satisfaction, and life satisfaction for baby boom women at midlife. Unpublished doctorial thesis, Pepperdine University, USA.
  30. Krause, N., Liang, J., & Keith, V. (1990). Personality, social support, and psychological distress in later life. Psychology & Aging, 5, 315-326. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.5.3.315
  31. Lee, G. R. (1979). Effects of social networks on the family. Contemporary Theories about the Family, 1, 27-56.
  32. Lee, J. U. (2010). Predictors of life satisfaction among older adults in S. Korea: Differences by education level. Journal of the Korean Gerontological Society, 30(3), 709-726.
  33. Lee, J. Y. (2006). The effects of social support on psychological well-being and altruism. Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology, 20(1), 55-75.
  34. Lee, Y. K., Chung, K. H., Yeum, J. H., Oh, Y. H., Yoo, H. Y., & Lee, E. J. (2010). Analysis projection of changes in the lives of elderly Koreans. Seoul: Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs (KIHASA).
  35. Litwin, H. (1997). Support network types and health service utilization. Research on Aging, 19, 274-299. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027597193002
  36. Litwin, H. (2001). Social network type and morale in old age. The Gerontologist, 41, 516-524. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/41.4.516
  37. Litwin, H. (2009). Social networks and well-being: a comparison of older people in mediterranean and non-mediterranean countries. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 65B(5), 599-608.
  38. Litwin, H., & Landau, R. (2000). Social network type and social support among the old-old. Journal of Aging Studies, 14(2), 213-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0890-4065(00)80012-2
  39. Litwin, H., & Shiovitz-Ezra, S. (2011). The association of background and network Type among older Americans: Is "who you are" related to "who you are with"?. Research on Aging, 33, 735-759. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027511409441
  40. Min, K. C., & Lee, J. H. (2008). Effects of providing support to informal social network on mental health of the elderly: Focused on gender difference. Journal of the Korean Gerontological Society, 28(3), 515-533.
  41. Mitchell, J. C. (1969). The concept and use of social networks. In J. C. Mitchell (Eds.), Social networks in urban situation(pp. 1-50). Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  42. Moen, P. (2001). The gendered life course. In R. H. Binstock (Ed.), Handbook of aging and the social sciences (5th ed., 179-196), San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  43. Nocon, A., & Pearson, M. (2000). The roles of friends and neighbours in providing support for older people. Ageing and Society, 20, 341-367. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X99007771
  44. Oh, I. G., Oh, Y. S., Kim, M. I. (2009). Effect of social networks on the depression of elderly females in Korea: Analysis of the intermediating effect of health promoting behavior. Korean Journal of Family Welfare, 14(1), 113-136.
  45. Park, K. N. (2004). Gender differences in the life satisfaction of elderly. Journal of the Korean Gerontological Society, 24(3), 13-29.
  46. Park, K. S. (2000). Informal social ties of elderly Koreans. Korean Journal of Sociology, 34(4), 621-648.
  47. Peek, M. K., & O'neill, G. S. (2001). Networks in later life: An examination of race differences in social support networks. International Journal Aging and human Development, 52(3), 207-229. https://doi.org/10.2190/F1Q1-JV7D-VN77-L6WX
  48. Peek, M. K., Coward, R. T., & Peck, C. W. (2000). Race, aging, and care: Can differences in household structure account for race variations in informal care? Research on Aging, 22, 117-142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027500222002
  49. Pinquart, M., & Sorensen, S. (2000). Influences of socioeconomic status social network, and competence on subjective well-being in later life: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 15, 187-224. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.15.2.187
  50. Silverstein, M., & Bengtson, V. L. (1997). Intergenerational solidarity and the structure of adult child-parent relationships in American families. American Journal of Sociology, 103, 429-460. https://doi.org/10.1086/231213
  51. Song, D. Y. (2004). The consciousness of family caregiving among women and eldercare policy. Social Welfare Policy, 19, 207-233.
  52. Statistics Korea (2010). 2010 Statistics for elderly. Press Release. Retrieved September 29, 2010, from http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/index.action.
  53. Statistics Korea (2012). Estimated Statistics for Future Household: 2010-2035. Press Release. Retrieved May 1, 2012, from http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea /index.action.
  54. Suh, S. H., & Lim, H. K. (2004). A study of the functions of social network of rural elders living in Chonman province. The Journal of Rural Society, 14(1), 179-203.
  55. Van Gaalen, R. I., Dykstra, P. A., Komter, A. E. (2010). Where is the exit? Intergenerational ambivalence and relationship quality in high contact ties. Journal of Aging Studies, 24, 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaging.2008.10.006
  56. Walker, R. B., & Hiller, J. E. (2007). Places and health: A qualitative study to explore how older women living alone perceive the social and physical dimensions of their neighborhoods. Social Science & Medicine, 65(6), 1154-1165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2007.04.031
  57. Wenger, G. C. (1991). A network typology: From theory to practice. Journal of Aging Studies, 5(2), 147-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/0890-4065(91)90003-B
  58. Wenger, G. C. (1996). Social networks and gerontology. Reviews in clinical Gerontology, 6, 285-293. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959259800004780
  59. Wenger, G. C. (1997). Social networks and the prediction of elderly people at risk. Aging & Mental Health, 1, 311-320. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607869757001
  60. Won, H. J., & Ok, S. W. (2002). A study on the types of social networks of housewives in urban nuclear families. Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 20(4), 149-164.
  61. Yoon, H. S., & Heo, S. Y. (2007). The mediating and moderating effects of social relationship on health status and life satisfaction of the elderly. Journal of the Korean Gerontological Society, 27(3), 649-666.

Cited by

  1. A Study on the Variables Influencing Suicidal Ideation in Single Person Households: Targeting One Gu in Gwangju vol.33, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7466/JKHMA.2015.33.6.115