Korean Chemical Engineering Research

The Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers (한국화학공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Removal of Trihalomethanes from Tap Water using Activated Carbon Fiber

활성탄소섬유를 사용한 수돗물 내 트리할로메탄의 제거

  • Yoo, Hwa In (Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Ryu, Seung Kon (Department of Chemical Engineering, Chungnam National University)
  • 유화인 (충남대학교 화학공학과) ;
  • 유승곤 (충남대학교 화학공학과)
  • Received : 2011.04.08
  • Accepted : 2011.07.16
  • Published : 2012.02.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Activated carbon fiber (ACF) was used to remove four kinds of trihalomethanes(THMs) from tap water which were remained as by-products during the chlorination of water. Adsorption capacity was investigated as a function of THMs concentration and solution temperature, and adsorption mechanism was studied in relating to the surface characteristics of ACF. All the four kinds of THMs were rapidly adsorbed on the surface of ACF by physical adsorption due to the enormous surface micropores and chemical adsorption due to the hydrogen bonds, showing a Langmuir type adsorption isotherm. Langmuir type is especially profitable for the adsorption of low level adsorptives. ACF was very effective for the removal of THMs from tap water because the THMs concentration is below $30{\mu}g/L$ in tap water. The adsorption amount of THMs on ACF increased in order of the number of brom atom; chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform. The adsorption capacity increased as increasing the number of brom atom due to the decrease of polarity in solution. The adsorption capacity of THMs on ACF can be enhanced by proper surface treatment of ACF.

활성탄소섬유를 사용하여 염소소독 후 수돗물 내에 부산물로 존재하는 4종 트리할로메탄을 제거하였다. THMs의 종류별 농도 및 용액의 온도를 달리하면서 흡착실험을 수행하고 활성탄소섬유의 표면특성에 따른 흡착능력과 흡착메카니즘을 살펴본 결과, 4종의 THMs은 모두 Langmuir 타입의 흡착등온곡선을 보이면서 매우 신속하게 활성탄소섬유에 흡착되었다. THMs의 흡착은 활성탄소섬유의 표면에 균일하게 발달된 미세공의 입구에 물리적 및 화학적 수소결합으로 이루어졌다고 판단된다. Langmuir 타입은 특히 저농도 오염원 일때 제거효율이 높기 때문에 수돗물 내에 약 $30{\mu}g/L$ 수준으로 존재하는 THMs의 제거에는 활성탄소섬유가 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있다. 4종 THMs 종류별 흡착량은 큰 차이는 없으나 chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, 및 bromoform 의 순서로 증가하였다. 이는 brom 원자수의 증가와 일치하며 극성의 감소로 용해도가 낮아짐에 따라 흡착량이 증가한 것이다.

Keywords

References

  1. Rook, J. J., "Formation of Haloforms During Chlorination Natural Waters," Water Treatment and Examination, 23, 234-243(1974).
  2. Harris, R. H. and Brechen, E. M., "Is the Water Safe to Drink?," Part 1,2,3 Consumer Report, 26, 436-442(1974).
  3. Huang, W. J. and Yeh, H. H., "The Effect of Organic Characteristics Land Bromide on Disinfection by-products Formation by Chlorination," Environ. Sci. Health, 32(8), 2311-2336(1997).
  4. American Public Health Association (APHA), "Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater," 20 ed., 275 (1998).
  5. Zavaleta, J. O., Hauchman, F. S. and Cox, M. W., "Epidemiology and Toxicology of Disinfection by-products," In: Formation and Control of Disinfection By-products in Drinking Water, Singer, P. C. (ed), Amercan Water Works Association, Denver, 164, 95-117(1999).
  6. Craun, G. F., Bull, R. J., Clark, R. M., Doull, J., Grabow, W., Marsh, G. M., Okun, D. A., Regli, S., Sobsey, M. D. and Symons, J. M., "Balancing Chemical and Microbial Risks of drinking Water Idsfection," Part I. "Benefits and Potential Risks," Water Supply: Research & Technology-Aqua, 43, 192-199(1994).
  7. Vel Leiner, N. K., De Laat, J. and Suty, H., "The Use of $ClO_2$ in Drinking Water Treatment: formation and Control of Inorganic by-product$(ClO_2^-,\;ClO_3^-)$," Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water, Singer, P. C. (ed), American Water Works Association, Denver, 7, 393-407(1996).
  8. Reckhow, D. A., "Control of Disinfection By-Product Formation Using Ozone," In: Formation and Control of Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water, Singer, P. C. (ed), American Water Works Association, Denver, 164, 179-204(1999).
  9. Tung, H. H. and Unz, R. F., "Haloacetic Acid Removal by Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption," J. American Water Works Association, 6, 107-112(1998).
  10. Wu, H. and Xie, Y. F., "Effects of Empty Bed Contact Time and Temperature on the Removal of Haloacetic Acids Using Biologically Activated Carbon," Proceedings of 2003 AWWA Annual Conference, Anaheim, California, 97, 15-19(2003).
  11. Son, H. J, Roh, J. S., Kim, S. G., Bae, S. M. and Kang, L. S., "Removal Characteristics of Chlorination Disinfection By-products by Activated Carbons," Korean Society of Enviromental Engineers, 27, 2-9(2005).
  12. Weber, W. J., "Physicochemical Process for Water Quality Control," Chap.5, Wiley Interscience, New York 413(1972).
  13. Yoon, K. S., Pyo, D. W., Lee, Y. S., Ryu, S. K. and Yang, X. P., "Surface Modification by Heat-treatment of Propellant Waste Impregnated ACF," Carbon Letters, 11(2), 131-136(2010). https://doi.org/10.5714/CL.2010.11.2.131
  14. Kim, Y. O., Ko K. R., Park, Y. T. and Ryu, S. K., "Adsorption of Solute on Pitch-based Activated Carbon Fiber from Aqueous Solution," HWAHAK KONGHAK, 30(3), 347-356(1992).
  15. US EPA, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research Development Method, Cincinati, Ohio(1995).
  16. Jia Guo and Wang Sheng Xu, J., "Adsorption of $NH_3$ onto aCtivated Carbon Prepared from Palm Shells Impregnated with $H_2SO_4$," Colloid Interface Sci., 281, 285-290(2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.08.101
  17. Morawski, A. W., Kalenczuk, R. and Inagaki, M., "Adsorption of Trihalomethanes(THMs) onto Carbon Spheres," Desalination 130, 107-112(2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-9164(00)00078-3
  18. Singer, P. C. and Yen, C. Y., "Activated Carbon Adsorption," Vol.I, Ann Arber Science Publishers, Ann Arber, Mich., 167(1981).
  19. Puri, B. R., Bhardwaj, S. S. and Gupta, U., J. Indian Chem. Soc., 53, 1095-1099(1976).
  20. Cho, D. H. and Seo, S. M., "Degradation of THM Precursor Using $TiO_2$ Photocatalytic oxidation in the Water Treatment Processes," Korean J. Sanitation, 19(2), 1-6(2004).
  21. McCabe, W. L., Smith, J. C. and Harriot, P., Unit Operation of Chemical Engineering, 7th ed. McGraw-Hill, Boston, 840(2005).
  22. Marsh, H. and Wynne-Jones, F. W. K., Carbon 1, 281-287(1964). https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(64)90282-9
  23. Dawes, E. A., Quantitative Problems in Biochemistry, 4th ed. E. & S. Livingstone, Edinburgh and London, 106(1967).

Cited by

  1. A Study on the Management of Micropollutants in Water System Considering Climate Change and other Potential Effects vol.51, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2013.51.6.645