KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research (대한토목학회논문집)

Korean Society of Civil Engeneers (대한토목학회)
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The Effect of Surface Tension on Shear Wave Velocities according to Changes of Temperature and Degree of Saturation

온도와 포화도의 변화에 의한 표면장력이 전단파 속도에 미치는 영향

  • 박정희 (고려대학교 건축사회환경공학부) ;
  • 강민구 (고려대학교 건축사회환경공학부) ;
  • 서선영 (고려대학교 건축사회환경공학부) ;
  • 이종섭 (고려대학교 건축사회환경공학부)
  • Received : 2012.08.09
  • Accepted : 2012.09.28
  • Published : 2012.11.15
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Abstract

The surface tension, which is generated in the unsaturated soils, increases the stiffness of the soils. The objective of this study is to estimate the effect of the surface tension, which varies according to the temperature, on the shear wave velocity. Nine specimens, which have the different degree of saturation (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%), are prepared by using sand-silt mixtures. Experiments are carried out in a nylon cell designed for the measurement of shear waves. A pair of bender elements, which are used for the generation and detection of shear waves, is installed as a cross-hole type. The shear waves are continuously monitored and measured as the temperature of specimens decreases from $15^{\circ}C$ to $1^{\circ}C$. The results show that shear wave velocities of the fully saturated and fully dried specimens change a little bit as the temperatures of specimens decrease. However, the shear wave velocities of the specimens with the degree of saturations of 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% continuously increase as temperature decreases from $15^{\circ}C$ to $1^{\circ}C$. Furthermore, a fully saturated specimen is dried at the temperature of $70^{\circ}C$ in order to observe the shear waves according to degree of saturation. The shear wave velocities measured at the temperature of $70^{\circ}C$ are generally lower than those measured at temperature of $15^{\circ}C$. This study demonstrates that the dependence of shear wave velocities on the temperature according to the degree of saturation should be taken into account in both laboratory and field tests.

표면장력에 의한 겉보기 점착력은 적절한 함수비를 가지고 있는 흙의 경우 생성되며 지반의 강도를 증가시킨다. 본 연구의 목적은 온도에 따라 변화하는 표면장력이 전단파 속도에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 것이다. 표면장력의 발생 유무를 조절하기 위하여 모래-실트 혼합토를 이용하여 포화도가 다른 아홉 가지의 시료 (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%)를 조성하였다. 전단파 속도를 측정하기 위해 나일론 재질의 셀을 제작하였으며 전단파 트랜스듀서인 벤더 엘리먼트를 크로스 홀 형상으로 부착하였다. 시료의 온도가 $15^{\circ}C$에서 $1^{\circ}C$까지 변화하는 동안 포화도가 다른 각 시료의 전단파 신호를 연속적으로 측정하였다. 실험결과, 포화도 0%인 시료와 포화도 100%인 시료는 온도변화에 의한 전단파 속도 변화가 미비하였으나, 표면장력이 발생하기에 적절한 포화도를 가진 시료는 온도가 감소함에 따라 전단파 속도는 증가하였다. 또한 완전 포화된 시료를 $70^{\circ}C$에서 건조시키면서 포화도에 따른 전단파 속도를 측정한 시료의 경우, $15^{\circ}C$에서 측정된 시료의 전단파 속도보다 더 낮은 전단파 속도가 측정되었다. 본 연구는 특정한 포화도에서 온도변화에 따라 전단파 속도가 변화하는 원인을 실험을 통해 분석하였으며, 미소변형구간에서의 전단탄성계수 측정과 같은 실내 및 현장실험 시, 온도를 동시에 평가해야 함을 보여준다.

Keywords

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