Journal of Environmental Science International (한국환경과학회지)

The Korean Environmental Sciences Society (한국환경과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Climatological Trend of Sea Water Temperature around the Antarctic Peninsula Waters in the Southern Ocean

  • Lee, Chung-Il (Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Kim, Sang-Woo (Fisheries Resources and Environment Division, East Sea Fisheries Research Institute) ;
  • Kim, Dong-Sun (Research Center for Ocean Industrial Development, Pukyong National University) ;
  • Yoon, Moon-Geun (Yangyang Salmon Station, Korea Fisheries Resources Agency)
  • Received : 2011.10.19
  • Accepted : 2012.01.26
  • Published : 2012.02.29
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Climatological trend for the period of 1970 to 2009 in sea water temperature around the Antarctic Peninsular waters in the Southern Ocean was investigated. During the period from 1970 to 2009, sea water temperature in the top 500 m water column except 100 m increased at a rate of $0.003-0.011^{\circ}C{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, but at 100 m it decreased at a rate of $-0.003^{\circ}C{\cdot}yr^{-1}$. Although long-term trend is generally warming, there were several periods of sharp changes between 1970 and 2009. Annual mean sea water temperature between surface and 500 m except 100 m decreased from the early of 1970s to the end of 1980s, and then it increased to the end of 2000s. In the entire water column between the surface and 500 m, sea water temperature closely correlated with the El Nino events expressed as the Southern Oscillation Index(SOI), and SOI and sea water temperature have a dominant period of about 3-5 years and decade.

Keywords

References

  1. Ainley, D. G., Ballard, G., Ackley, S., Blight, L. K., Eastman, J. T., Emslie, S. D., Lescroel, A., Olmastroni, S., Townsend, S. E., Tynan, C. T., Wilson, P., Woehler, E., 2007, Paradigm lost, or is top-down forcing no longer significant in the Antarctic marine ecosystem?, Antarc. Sci., 19, 283-290. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095410200700051X
  2. Boyer, T. P., Atonov, J. I., Garcia, H. E., Johnson, D. R., Locarnini, R. A., Mishonov, A. V., Pitcher, M. T., Baranova, O. K., Smolyar, I. V., 2006. World Ocean Database 2005, in NOAA Atlas NESDIS 60, S. Levitus, Eds., DVDs, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 15-20.
  3. Carleton, A. M., 2003, Atmospheric teleconnections involving the Southern Ocean, Journal of Geophys. Res., 108(8080), doi: 10.1029/2000JC000379.
  4. Francis, R. C., Hare, S. R., 1994, Decadal-scale regime shift in the large marine ecosystems of the North-east Pacific: a case for historical science, Fish. Oceanogr., 3, 279-291. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.1994.tb00105.x
  5. Gille, S. T., 2002, Warming of the Southern Ocean since the 1950s, Science, 295, 1275-1277. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1065863
  6. Gille, S. T., 2008, Decadal-scale temperature trends in the Southern Hemisphere Ocean, J. Clim., 21, 4749-4765. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JCLI2131.1
  7. Gloersen, P., Campbell, W. J., 1991, Recent variations in Arctic and Antarctic Sea-Ice Covers, Nature, 352, 33-36. https://doi.org/10.1038/352033a0
  8. Ingraham, W. J., Ebbesmeyer, C. C., Hinrichsen, R. A., 1998, Imminent climate and circulation shift in Northeast Pacific Ocean could have major impact on marine resources, EOS: Transactions, Am. Geophys. Union, 79, 197-201.
  9. Jenouvrier, S., Weimerskirch, H., Barbraud, C., Pakr, Y. H., Cazelles, B, 2011, Evidence of a shift in the cyclicity of Antarctic seabird dynamics linked to climate, Proc. R. Soc., B2005(272), 887-895.
  10. Karoly, D. V., Plumb, R. A., Ting, M., 1989, Examples of the horizontal propagation of quasi-stationary waves, J. Atmos. Sci., 46(18), 2802-2811. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046<2802:EOTHPO>2.0.CO;2
  11. Kondo, J., 1988, Volcanic eruptions, cool summers and famines in the Northeastern part of Japan, J. Clim., 1, 775-788. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1988)001<0775:VECSAF>2.0.CO;2
  12. Lee, C. I., Paknomov, E. A., Atkinson, A., Siegel, V., 2010, Long-term relationships between the marine environment, krill and salps in the Southern Ocean, J. Mar. Biol., 2010, ID 410129.
  13. Levitus, S., Antonov, J. I., Boyer, T. P., 2005, Warming of the World Ocean, 1955-2003, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, LO2604, doi: 10.1029/2004GRL021592.
  14. Levitus, S., Antonov, J. I., Boyer, T. P., Stephens, C., 2000, Warming of the World Ocean, Science, 287, 2225-2229. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5461.2225
  15. Loeb, V., Hofmann, E. E., Klinck, J. M., Holm-Nansen, O., White, W. B., 2009, ENSO and variability of the Antarctic Peninsula pelagic marine ecosystem, Antarc. Sci., 21, 135-148. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102008001636
  16. Minobe, S., 1997, A 50-70 year oscillation over the North Pacific and North America, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24,. 683-686. https://doi.org/10.1029/97GL00504
  17. Nicol, S., Pauly, T., Bindoff, N. L., Wright, S., Thiele, D., Hosie, G. W., Strutton, P.G., Woehler, E., 2000, Ocean circulation off east Antarctic affects ecosystem structure and sea-ice extent, Nature, 406, 504-507. https://doi.org/10.1038/35020053
  18. Pakhomov, E. A., 2000, Demography and life cycle of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean: long-term comparison between coastal and open-ocean regions, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 57, 68-90. https://doi.org/10.1139/f00-175
  19. Pakhomov, E. A., Froneman, P. W., Perissinotto, R., 2002, Salp/krill interactions in the Southern Ocean: spatial segregation and implications for the carbon flux, Deep-Sea Res. Part II, 49, 1881-1907. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(02)00017-6
  20. Polovina, J. J., Mitchum, G. T., Graham, N. E., Craig, M. P., DeMartini, E. E., Flint, E. N., 1994, Physical and biological consequences of a climate event in the central North Pacific, Fish. Oceanogr., 3, 15-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.1994.tb00044.x
  21. Rasmusson, E. M., Mo, K., 1993, Linkages between 200-mb tropical and extratropical circulation anomalies during the 1986-1989 ENSO cycle, J. Clim., 6, 595-616. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1993)006<0595:LBMTAE>2.0.CO;2
  22. Rott, H., Skvarca, P., Nagle, T., 1996, Rapid collapse of Northern Larsen Ice Shelf, Antarctica, Science, 271, 788-792, 1996.
  23. Schmitz, W. J. Jr., 1995, On the interbasin thermohaline circulation, Rev. Geophys., 33, 151-173. https://doi.org/10.1029/95RG00879
  24. Siegel, V., Skibowski, A., Harm, U., 1992, Community structure of the epipelagic zooplankton community under the sea-ice of the Northern Weddell Sea, Polar Biol., 12(15), 15-24.
  25. Smedsrud, L. H., 2004, Warming of the deep water in the Weddell Sea along Greenwich meridian: 1977-2001, Deep-Sea Res. Part I, 52, 241-258.
  26. White, W. B., Peterson, R. G., 1996, An Antarctic Circumpolar Wave in surface pressure, wind, temperature and sea-ice extent, Nature, 380, 699-702. https://doi.org/10.1038/380699a0
  27. White, W. B., Peterson, R. G., 1996, An Antarctic circumpolar wave in the surface pressure, wind, temperature, and sea ice extent, Nature, 380, 699-702. https://doi.org/10.1038/380699a0
  28. White, W. B., Chen, S. C., Allan, R. J., Stone, R. C., 2002, Positive feedbacks between the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave and the global El Nino - Southern Oscillation Wave, J. Geophys. Res., 107(3165), doi: 10.1029/2000JC000581.
  29. Whitehouse, M. J., Meredith, M. P., Rothery, P., Atkinson, A., Ward, P., Korbet, R. E., 2008, Rapid warming of the ocean around South Georgia, Southern Ocean, during the 20th century: Forcings, characteristics and implications for lower trophic levels, Deep-Sea Res. Part I, 55, 1218-1228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2008.06.002
  30. Yuan, X., 2004, ENSO-related impacts on Antarctic sea ice: A synthesis of phenomenon and mechanisms, Antarc. Sci., 16, 415-425. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954102004002238
  31. Zwally, H. J., 1991, Breakup of Antarctic ice, Nature, 350, doi: 10.1038/350274a0.