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Diagnostic Value of Lactate Dehydrogenase in Pericardial Effusions in Patients Undergoing Pericardiocentesis

심낭액에서 LDH의 진단적 가치

  • Kim, Sung-Eun (Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center) ;
  • Park, Dae-Gyun (Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center)
  • 김성은 (한림대학교의료원 강동성심병원 심장혈관내과) ;
  • 박대균 (한림대학교의료원 강동성심병원 심장혈관내과)
  • Published : 2012.02.01

Abstract

Background/Aims: Unlike pleural effusions or ascites, few studies have examined the role of chemical and cell-count parameters in the etiologic diagnosis of pericardial effusion. We determined the cut-off points of chemical parameters that can differentiate the causes of pericardial effusion. Methods: This study included 45 patients who underwent pericardiocentesis from 2003 to 2010. We examined the cell count and chemistry of blood and pericardial fluid, and divided the patients into a systemic group (the pericardium and myocardium were not invaded directly, such as in uremia and hypothyroidism) and a local inflammation group (the pericardium or myocardium was involved directly, such as in malignancy, tuberculosis, infection, and connective tissue disease). Results: Common causes of pericardial effusion requiring pericardiocentesis were malignancy (42.8%), iatrogenic (11.9%), and tuberculosis (9.5%). The pericardial lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level and pericardial/serum (P/S) LDH ratio were higher in the local inflammation group than the systemic group (288.33 ${\pm}$ 143.9 vs. 2,372.07 ${\pm}$ 3,916.00 IU/L, p = 0.002, and 5.7 vs. 0.6, p = 0.007, respectively). The discrimination accuracy of the P/S LDH ratio (1.12) and pericardial fluid LDH level (435 IU/L) for predicting local inflammation was significant, as evidenced by the respective areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.84 (sensitivity 81.4%, specificity 81.5%) and 0.88 (sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 81.5%). Conclusions: The LDH level (435 IU/L) of pericardial fluid and P/S LDH ratio (1.12) in patients with a pericardial effusion can help to differentiate between systemic causes and other diseases directly involving the pericardium.

목적: 흉수 또는 복수와 달리 심낭액의 원인 감별을 위한 심낭액 성분 분석에 대한 연구는 많지 않다. 심낭액의 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 수치는 혈장의 2.4배인 것으로 알려져 있어 Light's criteria로 알려져 있는 흉수액의 감별진단기준을 심낭액에 적용하는 것은 적합하지 않은 것으로 생각된다. 이제 저자들은 심낭 천자를 통해 심낭액 분석이 이루어진 환자들을 대상으로 감별진단에 도움이 되는 지표들을 찾아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2003년부터 2010년 사이에 심낭천자를 시행 받은 45명의 환자들을 대상으로 혈액 검사 결과와 심낭액의 생화학 검사 및 세포진 검사를 고려하여 심낭액의 원인을 결정 하였다. 이를 토대로 전신 질환에 의하여 심낭액이 발생한 군과 심낭에 직접적인 염증을 일으켜 심낭액이 발생한 군으로 나누었다. 즉, 신장 질환 및 갑상선기능저하증에 의하여 심낭액이 발생한 경우를 전신 질환 군, 악성 신생물, 결핵, 감염, 결체조직 질환 등에 의해 심낭액이 발생한 경우를 국소 염증군으로 나누었는데, 이때 원인이 명확하지 않은 특발성 심낭액은 제외하였다. 결과: 가장 흔한 심남액의 원인은 악성신생물(42.8%), 특발성(11.9%), 결핵(9.5%)의 순이었다. 전신적 요인에 의한 군의 LDH 수치가 국소적 염증군보다 의미 있게 낮았으며 (288.33 ${\pm}$ 143.9 vs. 2,372.07 ${\pm}$ 3,916.00 IU/L, p = 0.002), 심낭액/혈장 LDH의 비는 전신적 요인에 의한 군보다 국소적 염증군에서 의미 있게 높았다(5.7 vs. 0.6, p = 0.007). 국소 염증군을 진단하는 데 있어 심낭액의 LDH 수치 435 IU/L와 심낭액/혈장 LDH 비 1.12의 ROC curve에서 AUC는 0.88과 0.84로 통계적으로 유의하였다. 결론: 심낭액의 LDH 수치 435 IU/L와 심남액/혈장 LDH 비 1.12가 심낭액의 원인을 국소적 염증군과 전신적 요인에 의한 군으로 감별하는 데 있어 도움을 줄 것으로 생각된다.

Keywords

References

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