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Predictors of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients with Renal Dysfunction

신장기능이 저하된 급성 관상동맥 증후군 환자에서 조영제 유발 신증의 발생 예측인자

  • Park, Soo-Hwan (The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Jeong, Myung-Ho (The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Rhee, Jung-Ae (Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School) ;
  • Choi, Jin-Su (Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School) ;
  • Hwang, Seung-Hwan (The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Ko, Jum-Suk (The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Lee, Min-Goo (The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Sim, Doo-Sun (The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Park, Keun-Ho (The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Yoon, Nam-Sik (The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Yoon, Hyun-Ju (The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Kye-Hun (The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Hong, Young-Joon (The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Kim, Ju-Han (The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Ahn, Young-Keun (The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Cho, Jeong-Gwan (The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Park, Jong-Chun (The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital) ;
  • Kang, Jung-Chaee (The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospital)
  • 박수환 (전남대학교병원 심장센터) ;
  • 정명호 (전남대학교병원 심장센터) ;
  • 이정애 (전남대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실) ;
  • 최진수 (전남대학교 의과대학 예방의학교실) ;
  • 황승환 (전남대학교병원 심장센터) ;
  • 고점석 (전남대학교병원 심장센터) ;
  • 이민구 (전남대학교병원 심장센터) ;
  • 심두선 (전남대학교병원 심장센터) ;
  • 박근호 (전남대학교병원 심장센터) ;
  • 윤남식 (전남대학교병원 심장센터) ;
  • 윤현주 (전남대학교병원 심장센터) ;
  • 김계훈 (전남대학교병원 심장센터) ;
  • 홍영준 (전남대학교병원 심장센터) ;
  • 김주한 (전남대학교병원 심장센터) ;
  • 안영근 (전남대학교병원 심장센터) ;
  • 조정관 (전남대학교병원 심장센터) ;
  • 박종춘 (전남대학교병원 심장센터) ;
  • 강정채 (전남대학교병원 심장센터)
  • Published : 2012.02.01

Abstract

Background/Aims: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is an important complication of diagnostic coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We investigated the incidence and predictors of the development of CIN in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with renal dysfunction undergoing PCI. Methods: From January 2005 to June 2010, we evaluated the clinical, laboratory, and angiographic data of 406 patients with ACS who had a serum creatinine ${\geq}$ 1.3 mg/dL and underwent CAG or PCI. The patients were divided into two groups according to the development of CIN (CIN, n = 92; no CIN, n = 314). Results: Of the 406 patients, 92 (22.7%) developed CIN. The development of CIN was associated with a lower baseline body mass index (p = 0.001), decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (p < 0.001), decreased creatinine clearance (CrCl) (p < 0.001), lower albumin (p < 0.001), lower hemoglobin (p = 0.003), higher N-terminal pro B type natriuretic peptide (p = 0.001), and greater contrast medium volume (CMV) (p = 0.021). On multiple logistic regression analysis, LVEF < 40% (OR, 4.080; 95% CI, 2.087-7.977; p < 0.001), albumin < 3.5 g/dL (OR, 2.042; 95% CI, 1.211-3.440; p = 0.007), and CMV/CrCl ${\geq}$ 3.5 (OR, 1.964; 95% CI, 1.243-3.101; p = 0.004) were independent predictors of CIN. The cut-off value for CMV/CrCl was 3.5, and that for albumin was 3.55 g/dL. Conclusions: CIN occurred in 22.7% of the patients with ACS and renal dysfunction who underwent CAG or PCI. Independent predictors of CIN were decreased LVEF, decreased albumin, and increased CMV/CrCl ratio.

목적: 관상동맥 질환 환자가 증가함에 따라 관상동맥 질환의 진단 및 치료가 증가하고 있으며 검사 시 사용되는 조영제에 대한 노출 빈도 또한 증가하여 조영제 유발성 신증(contrast-induced nephropathy, CIN)의 발생률이 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 신장기능이 저하된 급성 관상동맥 증후군(acute coronary syndrome, ACS) 환자의 CIN 발생빈도는 정상인 환자보다 높아서 CIN 유발 인자를 찾아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2005년 1월 1일부터 2010년 6월 31일까지 전남대학교병원 심장센터에서 관상동맥 조영술 및 중재술을 시행한 환자 중 혈청 크레아티닌이 1.3 mg/dL 이상으로 증가된 ACS 환자 406명을 대상으로 CIN이 발생한 군(I군)과 발생하지 않은 군(II군)으로 분류하여 두 군 간의 특징을 조사하였다. 결과: 관상동맥 조영술 및 중재술을 시행 받은 신장기능이 저하된 ACS 환자는 406명(평균연령은 69.7 ${\pm}$ 9.1세, 남:여 = 291명:115명)이었고, CIN은 92명이 발생하여 발생률은 22.7%이었다. 체질량지수는 I군 22.6 ${\pm}$ 2.9 kg/$m^{2}$, II군 23.9 ${\pm}$ 3.3 kg/$m^{2}$ (p = 0.001), 좌심실 구혈률 I군 49.6 ${\pm}$ 14.5%, II군 57.6 ${\pm}$ 12.6% (p < 0.001), 크레아티닌 청소율 I군 37.5 ${\pm}$ 10.4 mL/min, II군 42.8 ${\pm}$ 13.4 mL/min (p < 0.001), 혈중 알부민 I 군 3.5 ${\pm}$ 0.5 g/dL, II군 3.8 ${\pm}$ 0.6 g/dL (p < 0.001), 헤모글로빈 I군 11.4 ${\pm}$ 1.9 g/dL, II군 12.2 ${\pm}$ 2.2 g/dL (p = 0.003), 비활성 단백질 혈중 NT-proBNP I군 6,674.8 ${\pm}$ 7,809.2 pg/mL, II군 3,444.9 ${\pm}$ 5103.8 pg/mL (p = 0.001), 입원기간 I군 15.6 ${\pm}$ 14.4일, II군 9.5 ${\pm}$ 7.6일(p < 0.001)으로서 양 군 간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. CIN 발생 예측인자는 다변량 분석에서 다변량 분석에서 좌심실 구혈률(< 40%) (OR 4.080; 95% CI 2.087-7.977;p < 0.001), 혈중 알부민(< 3.5 g/dL) (OR 2.042; 95% CI 1.211-3.440; p = 0.007), 크레아티닌 청소율에 대한 조영제 사용량 비(${\geq}$ 3.5) (OR 1.964; 95% CI 1.243-3.101; p = 0.004) 등은 CIN과 유의한 연관성이 있었다. CIN을 예측할 수 있는 한계 크레아티닌 청소율에 대한 조영제 사용량 비는 3.5이었으며, 민감도 0.630, 특이도 0.411, 곡선 아래 영역은 0.625이었다. CIN을 예측할 수 있는 한계 혈중 알부민 수치는 3.55 g/dL이었으며, 민감도 0.706, 특이도 0.524, 곡선 아래 영역은 0.654이었다. 결론: ACS 환자에서 CIN의 발생률은 22.7%이었고, 저하된 좌심실 구혈률, 크레아티닌 청소율에 대한 조영제사용량 비의 증가, 낮은 혈중 알부민수치 등이 CIN의 발생과 연관성이 있었다.

Keywords

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