DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Positive Result in the Early Passive Phase of the Tilt-table Test: A Predictor of Neurocardiogenic Syncope in Young Men

  • Uhm, Jae-Sun (Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine) ;
  • Youn, Ho-Joong (Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine) ;
  • Chung, Woo-Baek (Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine) ;
  • Choi, Yun-Seok (Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Chul-Soo (Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine) ;
  • Oh, Yong-Seog (Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine) ;
  • Chung, Wook-Sung (Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine) ;
  • Park, Kyung-Il (Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Tae-Suk (Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Capital Hospital)
  • Published : 2012.03.01

Abstract

Background/Aims: This study elucidated the prognostic factors for neurocardiogenic syncope in males in their late teens and early twenties. Methods: Tilt-table testing (TTT) was performed on 665 males (age range, 17 to 27 years) following the Italian protocol. The subjects were tilted head-up at a $70^{\circ}$ angle on a table for 30 minutes during the passive phase. If the passive phase was negative, the subjects were given sublingual nitroglycerin and tilted to the same angle for 20 minutes during the drugprovocation phase. The subjects with positive results were followed without medication. We analyzed factors related to the recurrence rate of syncope. Results: Of 305 subjects (45.8%) with positive results, 223 (age range, 18 to 26 years) were followed for 12 months. The frequency of previous syncopal episodes ${\geq}\;4$ (p = 0.001) and a positive result during the passive phase (p = 0.022) were significantly related to a high recurrence rate. A positive result during the early passive phase (${\leq}$ 12 minutes) was significantly related to a higher recurrence rate than was that during the late passive phase (> 12 minutes; p = 0.011). Conclusions: A positive result during the early passive phase of TTT and frequent previous syncopal episodes were prognostic factors for neurocardiogenic syncope in men in their late teens and early twenties.

Keywords

References

  1. Soteriades ES, Evans JC, Larson MG, et al. Incidence and prognosis of syncope. N Engl J Med 2002;347:878-885. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa012407
  2. Colman N, Nahm K, Ganzeboom KS, et al. Epidemiology of reflex syncope. Clin Auton Res 2004;14 Suppl 1:9-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-004-0143-9
  3. Youn HJ, Chung WS, Baek SH, et al. The usefulness of headup tilt test in the diagnosis of syncope of unknown origin and clinical characteristics of the patients with vasovagal syncope. Korean J Med 1994;47:186-194.
  4. Shinohara M, Kobayashi Y, Obara C, et al. Neurally mediated syncope and arrhythmias: a study of syncopal patients using the head-up tilt test. Jpn Circ J 1999;63:339-342. https://doi.org/10.1253/jcj.63.339
  5. Jeong JO, Kim JS, Kim JK, et al. Head-up tilt test in subjects with no history of syncope or presyncope. Korean Circ J 2000;30:841-846. https://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2000.30.7.841
  6. Turk U, Alioglu E, Kirilmaz B, et al. Prediction of headup tilt test result: is it possible? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2010;33:153-158. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.2009.02605.x
  7. El-Sayed H, Hainsworth R. Salt supplement increases plasma volume and orthostatic tolerance in patients with unexplained syncope. Heart 1996;75:134-140. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.75.2.134
  8. Krediet CT, van Dijk N, Linzer M, van Lieshout JJ, Wieling W. Management of vasovagal syncope: controlling or aborting faints by leg crossing and muscle tensing. Circulation 2002;106:1684-1689. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000030939.12646.8F
  9. Kim KH, Cho JG, Lee KO, et al. Usefulness of physical maneuvers for prevention of vasovagal syncope. Circ J 2005;69:1084-1088. https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.69.1084
  10. Sheldon R, Connolly S, Rose S, et al. Prevention of Syncope Trial (POST): a randomized, placebo-controlled study of metoprolol in the prevention of vasovagal syncope. Circulation 2006;113:1164-1170. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.535161
  11. Nakagawa H, Kobayashi Y, Kikushima S, et al. Long-term effects of pharmacological therapy for vasovagal syncope on the basis of reproducibility during head-up tilt testing. Jpn Circ J 1998;62:727-732. https://doi.org/10.1253/jcj.62.727
  12. Kaufmann H, Saadia D, Voustianiouk A. Midodrine in neurally mediated syncope: a double-blind, randomized, crossover study. Ann Neurol 2002;52:342-345. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.10293
  13. Scott WA, Pongiglione G, Bromberg BI, et al. Randomized comparison of atenolol and fludrocortisone acetate in the treatment of pediatric neurally mediated syncope. Am J Cardiol 1995;76:400-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(99)80110-6
  14. Di Girolamo E, Di Iorio C, Sabatini P, Leonzio L, Barbone C, Barsotti A. Effects of paroxetine hydrochloride, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on refractory vasovagal syncope: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1999;33:1227-1230. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(98)00694-9
  15. Connolly SJ, Sheldon R, Thorpe KE, et al. Pacemaker therapy for prevention of syncope in patients with recurrent severe vasovagal syncope: Second Vasovagal Pacemaker Study (VPS II): a randomized trial. JAMA 2003;289:2224-2229. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.289.17.2224
  16. Sheldon R, Rose S, Flanagan P, Koshman ML, Killam S. Risk factors for syncope recurrence after a positive tilt-table test in patients with syncope. Circulation 1996;93:973-981. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.93.5.973
  17. Natale A, Geiger MJ, Maglio C, et al. Recurrence of neurocardiogenic syncope without pharmacologic interventions. Am J Cardiol 1996;77:1001-1003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(97)89158-8
  18. Grimm W, Degenhardt M, Hoffman J, Menz V, Wirths A, Maisch B. Syncope recurrence can better be predicted by history than by head-up tilt testing in untreated patients with suspected neurally mediated syncope. Eur Heart J 1997;18:1465-1469. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015473
  19. Kouakam C, Vaksmann G, Pachy E, Lacroix D, Rey C, Kacet S. Long-term follow-up of children and adolescents with syncope; predictor of syncope recurrence. Eur Heart J 2001;22:1618-1625. https://doi.org/10.1053/euhj.2000.2577
  20. Baron-Esquivias G, Errazquin F, Pedrote A, et al. Long-term outcome of patients with vasovagal syncope. Am Heart J 2004;147:883-889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2003.11.022
  21. Aydin MA, Maas R, Mortensen K, et al. Predicting recurrence of vasovagal syncope: a simple risk score for the clinical routine. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2009;20:416-421. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2008.01352.x
  22. Sutton R, Bloomfield DM. Indications, methodology, and classification of results of tilt-table testing. Am J Cardiol 1999;84(8A):10Q-19Q. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9149(99)00692-X
  23. Bartoletti A, Alboni P, Ammirati F, et al. 'The Italian Protocol': a simplified head-up tilt testing potentiated with oral nitroglycerin to assess patients with unexplained syncope. Europace 2000;2:339-342. https://doi.org/10.1053/eupc.2000.0125
  24. Brignole M, Menozzi C, Del Rosso A, et al. New classification of haemodynamics of vasovagal syncope: beyond the VASIS classification. Analysis of the pre-syncopal phase of the tilt test without and with nitroglycerin challenge. Vasovagal Syncope International Study. Europace 2000;2:66-76. https://doi.org/10.1053/eupc.1999.0064
  25. Sheldon R, Rose S. Components of clinical trials for vasovagal syncope. Europace 2001;3:233-240. https://doi.org/10.1053/eupc.2001.0168