Phenolic Acid Composition and Antioxidative Activity of Red Ginseng Prepared by High Temperature and High Pressure Process

고온고압 처리 홍삼의 페놀산 조성과 항산화 활성

This study was conducted to develop HTHP ginseng (high temperature and high pressure ginseng) with improved antioxidative activity and phenolic acid composition by high temperature and high pressure process. The HTHP ginseng extract was analyzed for the total phenol content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and phenolic acid composition. The total phenol content was increased in HTHP ginseng (14.76 mg/g) compared to raw ginseng (3.59 mg/g) and red ginseng (3.93 mg/g). DPPH radical scavenging activities of HTHP ginseng, raw ginseng and red ginseng extracts were 4.8~78.4%, 1~47.4% and 1.8~56.5% at $1{\sim}100mg/m{\ell}$ concentration. Also ABTS radical scavenging activities of HTHP ginseng, raw ginseng and red ginseng extracts were 8.9~99.8%, 3.4~96% and 1.2~96.5% at $1{\sim}100mg/m{\ell}$ concentration. In HPLC analysis, amounts of measured phenolic acid of HTHP ginseng greatly increased than raw ginseng and red ginseng, but salicylic acid was not detected in HTHP ginseng. In addition, DPPH radical scavenging activity of phenolic acid from HTHP ginseng was increased. Consequently, we believe high temperature and high pressure process is better method than existing method to increase the bioactivity of ginseng.

본 연구에서는 고온고압 처리를 통한 홍삼 추출물의 항산화 활성과 페놀산 성분의 변화를 측정하였다. 고온고압 처리 홍삼의 총 페놀 함량은 14.76 mg/g으로 기존의 수삼 3.59 mg/g과 홍삼 3.93 mg/g에 비해 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 항산화 활성은 농도 $1{\sim}100mg/m{\ell}$ 농도에서 고온고압 처리 홍삼 4.8~78.4%, 수삼 1.0~47.4%, 홍삼 1.8~56.5%의 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성을 보였으며, ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성은 고온고압 처리 홍삼 8.9~99.8%, 수삼 3.4~96%, 홍삼 1.2~96.5%를 보였다. 신규 홍삼에서는 maltol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid 등의 페놀산 성분이 크게 증가한 것을 확인하였으며, 페놀산의 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성을 측정한 결과, $10mg/m{\ell}$의 농도에서 고온고압 처리 홍삼 81.5%로 수삼 16.6%와 홍삼 32.9% 보다 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었다.