Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (아시아태평양암예방학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Prognostic Factors for Survival of Patients with Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer - a Retrospective Single Institution Analysis

  • Wu, Chao (Department of General Hospital of Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army)) ;
  • Li, Fang (Department of General Hospital of Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army)) ;
  • Jiao, Shun-Chang (Department of General Hospital of Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army))
  • Published : 2012.10.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate prognostic factors associated with survival of patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). Included were 200 patients admitted to the Liberation Army General Hospital with a diagnosis of ES-SCLC. The demographics of patients, disease characteristics, pre-treatment biochemical parameters and therapeutic plan were assessed or evaluated. Univariate analysis found that second-line chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and no liver metastasis were associated with improved survival. Tumor response to first-line chemotherapy and normal initial hemoglobin levels were also associated with a survival benefit (all P-values ${\leq}$ 0.0369). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that liver metastasis and the total number of all chemotherapy cycles were independent prognostic factors of survival. The morbidity risk in patients with liver metastasis was 2.52-fold higher than that in patients without liver metastasis (hazard ratio (HR)=2.52 (1.69-3.76); P<0.0001). However, one unit increase in the total number of chemotherapy cycles decreased the risk of death by 0.86-fold (HR=0.86 (0.80-0.92); P<0.0001). Absence of liver metastasis and ability of a patient to receive and tolerate multiple lines of chemotherapy were associated with longer survival.

Keywords

References

  1. Ando S, Suzuki M, Yamamoto N, Iida T, Kimura H (2004). The prognostic value of both neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and Cyfra21-1 in small cell lung cancer. Anticancer Res, 24(3b), 1941-6.
  2. Bremnes RM, Sundstrom S, Aasebo U, et al (2003). The value of prognostic factors in small cell lung cancer: results from a randomised multicenter study with minimum 5 year followup. Lung Cancer, 39, 303-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5002(02)00508-1
  3. Chua YJ, Steer C, Yip D (2004). Recent advances in management of small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Treat Rev, 30, 521-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2004.06.003
  4. Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, et al (2009). New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer, 45, 228-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2008.10.026
  5. Fizazi K, Cojean I, Pignon JP, et al (1998). Normal serum neuron specific enolase (NSE) value after the first cycle of chemotherapy: an early predictor of complete response and survival in patients with small cell lung carcinoma. Cancer, 82, 1049-55. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19980315)82:6<1049::AID-CNCR6>3.0.CO;2-9
  6. Govindan R, Page N, Morgensztern D, et al (2006). Changing epidemiology of small-cell lung cancer in the United States over the last 30 years: analysis of the surveillance, epidemiologic, and end results database. J Clin Oncol, 24, 4539-44. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2005.04.4859
  7. Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, et al (2011). Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin, 61, 69-90. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.20107
  8. Jeremic B, Shibamoto Y, Nikolic N, et al (1999). Role of radiation therapy in the combined-modality treatment of patients with extensive disease small-cell lung cancer: a randomized study. J Clin Oncol, 17, 2092-9.
  9. Khuder SA (2001). Effect of cigarette smoking on major histological types of lung cancer: a meta-analysis. Lung Cancer, 31, 139-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5002(00)00181-1
  10. Li J, Dai CH, Chen P, et al (2010). Survival and prognostic factors in small cell lung cancer. Med Oncol, 27, 73-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-009-9174-3
  11. Micke P, Faldum A, Metz T, et al (2002). Staging small cell lung cancer: Veterans Administration Lung Study Group versus International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer--what limits limited disease? Lung Cancer, 37, 271-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5002(02)00072-7
  12. Neal JW, Gubens MA, Wakelee HA (2011). Current management of small cell lung cancer. Clin Chest Med, 32, 853-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2011.07.002
  13. O'Brien ME, Ciuleanu TE, Tsekov H, et al (2006). Phase III trial comparing supportive care alone with supportive care with oral topotecan in patients with relapsed small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol, 24, 5441-7. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2006.06.5821
  14. Ou SH, Ziogas A, Zell JA (2009). Prognostic factors for survival in extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC): the importance of smoking history, socioeconomic and marital statuses, and ethnicity. J Thorac Oncol, 4, 37-43. https://doi.org/10.1097/JTO.0b013e31819140fb
  15. Paesmans M, Sculier JP, Lecomte J, et al (2000). Prognostic factors for patients with small cell lung carcinoma: analysis of a series of 763 patients included in 4 consecutive prospective trials with a minimum follow-up of 5 years. Cancer, 89, 523-33. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(20000801)89:3<523::AID-CNCR7>3.0.CO;2-6
  16. Singh S, Parulekar W, Murray N, et al (2005). Influence of sex on toxicity and treatment outcome in small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol, 23, 850-6. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2005.03.171
  17. Slotman B, Faivre-Finn C, Kramer G, et al (2007). Prophylactic cranial irradiation in extensive small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med, 357, 664-72. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa071780
  18. Sorensen M, Pijls-Johannesma M, Felip E (2010). Smallcell lung cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol, 5, v120-5.
  19. Ustuner Z, Saip P, Yasasever V, et al (2008). Prognostic and predictive value of vascular endothelial growth factor and its soluble receptors, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 levels in the sera of small cell lung cancer patients. Med Oncol, 25, 394-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-008-9052-4
  20. Yang X, Wang D, Yang Z, et al (2011). CEA is an independent prognostic indicator that is associated with reduced survival and liver metastases in SCLC. Cell Biochem Biophys, 59, 113-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12013-010-9121-0

Cited by

  1. Serum CEA Level Change and Its Significance Before and after Gefitinib Therapy on Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer vol.14, pp.7, 2013, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.7.4205
  2. Timing of Thoracic Radiotherapy in Limited Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: Results of Early Versus Late Irradiation from a Single Institution in Turkey vol.15, pp.15, 2014, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2014.15.15.6263
  3. Hepatitis B Virus Infection Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Advanced Non Small Cell Lung Cancer vol.16, pp.13, 2015, https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.13.5285
  4. Lysosome-associated protein transmembrane-4β-35 is a novel independent prognostic factor in small cell lung cancer vol.36, pp.10, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-015-3467-2
  5. Neuron-specific enolase and response to initial therapy are important prognostic factors in patients with small cell lung cancer vol.19, pp.7, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-017-1617-2
  6. miRNA-125b regulates apoptosis of human non-small cell lung cancer via the PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway vol.38, pp.3, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3892/or.2017.5808