ALGAE

The Korean Society of Phycology (한국조류학회(藻類))
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The distribution and ecological factors of aerial algae inhabiting stoneworks in Korea

  • Song, Mi-Ae (Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Kyonggi University) ;
  • Kim, Ok-Jin (Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Kyonggi University) ;
  • Lee, Ok-Min (Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Kyonggi University)
  • Received : 2012.01.25
  • Accepted : 2012.09.24
  • Published : 2012.12.15
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The physico-chemical and environmental factors of stoneworks were examined from March 2009 to October 2010, and aerial algae living on 24 stoneworks in Korea were identified. Fifty aerial algae were found in 24 stoneworks. Of the 50 taxa, 30 taxa were cyanophytes, 16 taxa were bacillariophytes, 3 taxa were chlorophytes, and 1 taxon was a xanthophyte. Nine species, including Aphanocapsa rivularis, which is known to only live in aquatic conditions, inhabited both aquatic and aerial environments. Synechococcus aeruginosus, Scytonema coactile var. thermalis, S. coactile var. minor, Stigonema ocellatum f. ocellatum, and Oscillatoria boryana were newly recorded in Korea. As a result of a correlation analysis between algae and the physico-chemical and ecological environmental factors, the taxa were divided into the bryophyte group, the humidity group, and the dry group. Although the bryophyte group was included within the humidity group, it was separated from the dry group. Taxa in the bryophyte group including Nostoc commune which was distributed in more humid areas than those in the humidity group. However, dry group taxa including Chroococcus pallidus were distributed in lower humidity than that of the two other groups. Correlations among other environmental factors were tested to identify other factors that could substitute for humidity and light intensity. As a result, tree distance, water distance, and plant coverage were replaceable environmental factors.

Keywords

References

  1. Allsopp, D., Seal, K. & Gaylard, C. 2004. Introduction to biodeterioration. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 237 pp.
  2. Badawy, M. I., Abou-Waly, H. F. & Ali, G. H. 1999. Excretion products of algae and their occurrence in Solar Lake. Taba, Egypt. Int. J. Environ. Health Res. 9:233-243. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603129973209
  3. Bellinzoni, A. M., Caneva, G. & Ricci, S. 2003. Ecological trends in travertine colonisation by pioneer algae and plant communities. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 51:203-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0964-8305(02)00172-5
  4. Cavacini, P. 2001. Soil algae from northern Victoria Land (Antarctica). Polar Biosci. 14:45-60.
  5. Chang, Y. K., Lee, J. W., Jeon, S. L. & Kim, M. R. 1998. A taxonomic study of the soil algae in Korea. J. Nat. Sci. Sookmyung Women's Univ. Korea 9:39-43.
  6. Chung, J. 1993. Illustration of the freshwater algae of Korea. Academy Publ. Co., Seoul, 496 pp.
  7. Chung, Y. H. 1979. The basic study for the ecology of fungi and algae for the conservation of soil environments. Rep. Conserv. Nat. 1:1-395.
  8. Crispim, C. A., Gaylarde, C. C. & Gaylarde, P. M. 2004. Biofilms on church walls in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, with special attention to cyanobacteria. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 54:121-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2004.03.001
  9. Ghadai, A. K., Sahoo, S. & Raut, S. 2010. Agroecological survey of cyanobacterial population in paddy field soils of Gunupur. Int. J. Agric. Sci. 2:28-32. https://doi.org/10.9735/0975-3710.2.2.28-32
  10. Gomez, S. R., Johansen, J. R. & Lowe, R. L. 2003. Epilithic aerial algae of Great Smoky Mountains national park. Biologia (Bratisl.) 58:603-615.
  11. Hirose, H. M., Akiyama, T., Imahori, H., Kasaki, H., Kumano, S., Kobayasi, H., Takahashi, E., Tsumura, T., Hirano, M. & Yamagishi, T. 1977. Illustrations of the Japanese freshwater algae. Uchidarokakugo Publishing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 933 pp.
  12. Hyvert, G. 1972. The conservation of Borobudur Temple. Unesco, Jakarta, 172 pp.
  13. John, D. M., Whitton, B. A. & Brook, A. J. 2002. The freshwater algal flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 702 pp.
  14. Kalavathi, D. F., Uma, L. & Subramanian, G. 2001. Degradation and metabolization of the pigment: melanoidin in distillery effluent by the marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria boryana BDU 92181. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 29:246-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0229(01)00383-0
  15. Kim, G. H., Klotchkova, T. A. & Suh, M. C. 2001. The effect of chemical treatments on biodeterioration of stone cultural properties. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 19:101-105.
  16. Kim, K. A., Kim, Y. J., Song, M. J., Ji, K. W., Yu, P. J. & Kim, C. W. 2007. Evaluation of water quality characteristics in the Nakdong River using multivariate analysis. J. Korean Soc. Water Qual. 23:814-821.
  17. Kim, Y. J., Kim, O. J. & Lee, O. M. 2010. The distribution of aerial algae and the assessment of biological pollution class at 8 stone cultural heritages in Korea. J. Conserv. Sci. 26:259-268.
  18. Kim, Y. J., Kim, O. J. & Lee, O. M. 2011. The community of aerial algae and the biological pollution coverage at 9 stone cultural heritages in Korea. J. Conserv. Sci. 27:145-154.
  19. Klochkova, T. A. & Kim, G. H. 2005. Ornamented resting spores of a green alga, Chlorella sp., collected from the stone standing buddha statue at Jungwon Miruksazi in Korea. Algae 20:295-298. https://doi.org/10.4490/ALGAE.2005.20.4.295
  20. Lakatos, M., Bilger, W. & Büdel, B. 2001. Carotenoid composition of terrestrial Cyanobacteria : response to natural light conditions in open rock habitats in Venezuela. Eur. J. Phycol. 36:367-375.
  21. Lamenti, G., Tiano, P. & Tomaselli, L. 2000. Biodeterioration of ornamental marble statues in the Boboli Gardens (Florence, Italy). J. Appl. Phycol. 12:427-433. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008135501265
  22. Lim, A. S. & Lee, O. M. 2008a. Distribution of aerial algae and biological classes in five stone cultural properties of Korea. Algae 23:63-69. https://doi.org/10.4490/ALGAE.2008.23.1.063
  23. Lim, A. S. & Lee, O. M. 2008b. The distribution of aerial algae and the evaluation of algal inhabitation on five stone cultural properties in Gyeonggi-do. Algae 23:269-276. https://doi.org/10.4490/ALGAE.2008.23.4.269
  24. Lowe, R. L., Sherwood, A. R. & Ress, J. A. 2009. Freshwater species of Achnanthes Bory from Hawaii. Diatom Res. 24:327-340. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2009.9705805
  25. National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage. 2008. Development on evaluation technology of deterioration for conservation of stone cultural properties. Research report. National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, Daejeon, 652 pp.
  26. Naz, S., Hasan, M. U. & Shameel, M. 2004a. Biodiversity of Oscillatoria (Nostocophyceae, Cyanophyta) from northern areas of Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot. 36:503-530.
  27. Naz, S., Hasna, M. U. & Shameel, M. 2004b. Taxonomic study of Chroocophyceae (Cyanophyta) from northern areas of Pakistan. Pak. J. Bot. 36:247-281.
  28. Poulickova, A. & Hasler, P. 2007. Aerophytic diatoms from caves in central Moravia (Czech Republic). Preslia 79:185-204.
  29. Prescott, G. W. 1973. Algae of the western great lakes area. Otto Koeltz Science Publishers, Koenigstein, 660 pp.
  30. Prescott, G. W., Bicudo, C. E. M. & Vinyard, W. C. 1982. A synopsis of North American Desmids. Part II. Section 4. The University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE, 358 pp.
  31. Prescott, G. W., Croasdale, H. T. & Vinyard, W. C. 1972. North American flora, Series II. Part 6. Desmidiales. New York Botanical Garden, New York, 37 pp.
  32. Prescott, G. W., Croasdale, H. T. & Vinyard, W. C. 1977. A synopsis of North American Desmids. Part II. Desmidiaceae: Placodermae. Section 2. The University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE, 207 pp.
  33. Prescott, G. W., Croasdale, H. T., Vinyard, W. C. & Bicudo, C. E. M. 1981. A synopsis of North American Desmids. Part II. Section 3. The University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, NE, 385 pp.
  34. Rai, A. N., Bergman, B. & Rasmussen, U. 2002. Cyanobacteria in symbiosis. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 359 pp.
  35. Sarro, M. I., Garcia, A. M., Rivalta, V. M., Moreno, D. A. & Arroyo, I. 2006. Biodeterioration of the Lions fountain at the Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). Build. Environ. 41:1811-1820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.07.029
  36. Tiwari, G. L. 1972. A study of the blue-green algae from paddy field soils of India. Hydrobiologia 39:335-350. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00046649
  37. Uher, B. 2008. Spatial distribution of cyanobacteria and algae from the tombstone in a historic cemetery in Bratislava, Slovakia. Fottea 9:81-92.
  38. Videla, H. A., Guiamet, P. S. & Gomez de Saravia, S. 2000. Biodeterioration of Mayan archaeological sites in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 46:335-341. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0964-8305(00)00106-2
  39. Wehr, J. D., & Sheath, R. G. 2003. Freshwater algae of North America: ecology and classification. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 918 pp.
  40. West, G. S. & Fritsch, F. E. 1972. A treatise on the British Freshwater Algae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 534 pp.

Cited by

  1. The C20 highly branched isoprenoid biomarker – A new diatom-sourced proxy for summer trophic conditions? vol.81, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.01.007
  2. A study of newly recorded genera and species of aerial algae in the order Chlorococcales (Chlorophyta) from the Hongcheon-river, Korea vol.37, pp.4, 2014, https://doi.org/10.5141/ecoenv.2014.034
  3. Unexpected High Diversity of Terrestrial Cyanobacteria from the Campus of the University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan vol.5, pp.4, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms5040069