Biomolecules & Therapeutics

The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology (한국응용약물학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Protective Effect of Ginsenoside R0 on Anoxic and Oxidative Damage In vitro

  • Jiang, Zhou (Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Ministry of Health, Sichuan University) ;
  • Wang, Yuhui (Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Ministry of Health, Sichuan University) ;
  • Zhang, Xiaoyun (Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine) ;
  • Peng, Tao (Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine) ;
  • Li, Yanqing (Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine) ;
  • Zhang, Yi (Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine)
  • Received : 2012.06.15
  • Accepted : 2012.10.22
  • Published : 2012.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

To examine the neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside R0, we investigated the effects of ginsenoside R0 in PC12 cells under an anoxic or oxidative environment with Edaravone as a control. PC12 neuroendocrine cells were used as a model target. Anoxic damage or oxidative damage in PC12 cells were induced by adding sodium dithionite or hydrogen peroxide respectively in cultured medium. Survival ratios of different groups were detected by an AlamarBlue assay. At the same time, the apoptosis of PC12 cells were determined with flow cytometry. The putative neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside R0 is thought to be exerted through enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes Superoxide dismutases (SOD). The activity of SOD and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), were measured to evaluate the protective and therapeutic effects of ginsenoside R0. Ginsenoside R0 treated cells had a higher SOD activity, lower MDA level and lower ROS, and their survival ratio was higher with a lower apoptosis rate. It is suggested that ginsenoside R0 has a protective effect in the cultured PC12 cells, and the protection efficiency is higher than Edaravone. The protective mechanisms of these two are different. The prevent ability of ginsenoside R0 is higher than its repair ability in neuroprotection in vitro.

Keywords

References

  1. Back, S. A., Khan, R., Gan, X., Rosenberg, P. A. and Volpe, J. J. (1999) A new Alamar Blue viability assay to rapidly quantify oligodendrocyte death. J. Neurosci. Methods 91, 47-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0270(99)00062-X
  2. Jiang, K. Y. and Qian, Z. N. (1995) Effects of Panax notoginseng saponins on posthypoxic cell damage of neurons in vitro. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 16, 399-402.
  3. Keum, Y. S., Park, K. K., Lee, J. M., Chun, K. S., Park, J. H., Lee, S. K., Kwon, H. and Surh, Y. J. (2000) Antioxidant and anti-tumor promoting activities of the methanol extract of heat-processed ginseng. Cancer Lett. 150, 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(99)00369-9
  4. Kim, Y. C., Kim, S. R., Markelonis, G. J. and Oh, T. H. (1998) Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg3 protect cultured rat cortical cells from glutamate-induced neurodegeneration. J. Neurosc. Res. 53, 426-432. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(19980815)53:4<426::AID-JNR4>3.0.CO;2-8
  5. Leung, K. W., Yung, K. K., Mak, N. K., Chan, Y. S., Fan, T. P. and Wong, R. N. (2007) Neuroprotective effects of ginsenoside-Rg1 in primary nigral neurons against rotenone toxicity. Neuropharmacology 52, 827-835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.10.001
  6. Liao, B., Newmark, H. and Zhou, R. (2002) Neuroprotective effects of ginseng total saponin and ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 on spinal cord neurons in vitro. Exp Neurol 173, 224-234. https://doi.org/10.1006/exnr.2001.7841
  7. Lim, J. H., Wen, T. C., Matsuda, S., Tanaka, J., Maeda, N., Peng, H., Aburaya, J., Ishihara, K. and Sakanaka, M. (1997) Protection of ischemic hippocampal neurons by ginsenoside Rb1, a main ingredient of ginseng root. Neurosci. Res. 28, 191-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-0102(97)00041-2
  8. Lu, J. M., Yao, Q. and Chen, C. (2009). Ginseng compounds: an update on their molecular mechanisms and medical applications. Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol. 7, 293-302. https://doi.org/10.2174/157016109788340767
  9. Matsuda, H., Samukawa, K. and Kubo, M. (1990) Anti-inflammatory activity of ginsenoside Ro. Planta Med. 56, 19-23. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-960875
  10. Matsuda, H., Samukawa, K. and Kubo, M. (1991) Anti-hepatitic activity of ginsenoside Ro. Planta Med. 57, 523-526. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-960198
  11. Mook-Jung, I., Hong, H. S., Boo, J. H., Lee, K. H., Yun, S. H., Cheong, M. Y., Joo, I., Huh, K. and Jung, M. W. (2001) Ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 improve spatial learning and increase hippocampal synaptophysin level in mice. J. Neurosci. Res. 63, 509-515. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.1045
  12. Morimoto, Y., Nishihira, J., Kemmotsu, O., Shibano, T., Gando, S. and Shikama, H. (2000) Pentobarbital inhibits apoptosis in neuronal cells. Crit. Care Med. 28, 1899-1904. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200006000-00035
  13. Xiao, X., Xu, X. and Yang, F. (2008) Adaptive responses to progressive drought stress in two Populus cathayana populations. Silva Fennica 42, 705-719.
  14. Yang, Y. and Balcarcel, R. R. (2004) 96-well plate assay for sublethal metabolic activity. Assay Drug Dev. Technol. 2, 353-361. https://doi.org/10.1089/adt.2004.2.353
  15. Yu, J. L., Dou, D. Q., Chen, X. H., Yang, H. Z., Hu, X. Y. and Cheng, G. F. (2005) Ginsenoside-Ro enhances cell proliferation and modulates Th1/Th2 cytokines production in murine splenocytes. Yao Xue Xue Bao 40, 332-336.
  16. Zhang, Y. W., Dou, D. Q., Zhang, L., Chen, Y. J. and Yao, X. S. (2001) Effects of ginsenosides from Panax ginseng on cell-to-cell communication function mediated by gap junctions. Planta Med. 67, 417-422. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-15816

Cited by

  1. Profiling and identification of the metabolites of ginsenoside Ro in rat faeces and urine after oral administration vol.242, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-015-2531-x
  2. Effect of Korean Red Ginseng extraction conditions on antioxidant activity, extraction yield, and ginsenoside Rg1 and phenolic content: optimization using response surface methodology vol.40, pp.3, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2015.08.001
  3. The beneficial effect of ginsenosides extracted by pulsed electric field against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in HEK-293 cells vol.41, pp.2, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2016.02.007
  4. Neuroprotective Effects of Ginsenosides against Cerebral Ischemia vol.24, pp.6, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061102