Studies on the Evaluation of Kenaf as a Bulking Agent in Livestock Composting

가축 분뇨의 퇴비화 수분 조절제로서 Kenaf의 유용성 평가

  • Lim, Jeong-Ju (College of Veterinary Medicine (Insti. of Agric. & Life Sci.), Gyeongsang National Univ.) ;
  • Kim, Dong-Hyeok (College of Veterinary Medicine (Insti. of Agric. & Life Sci.), Gyeongsang National Univ.) ;
  • Lee, Jin-Ju (College of Veterinary Medicine (Insti. of Agric. & Life Sci.), Gyeongsang National Univ.) ;
  • Kim, Dae-Geun (College of Veterinary Medicine (Insti. of Agric. & Life Sci.), Gyeongsang National Univ.) ;
  • Lee, Hu-Jang (College of Veterinary Medicine (Insti. of Agric. & Life Sci.), Gyeongsang National Univ.) ;
  • Min, Wongi (College of Veterinary Medicine (Insti. of Agric. & Life Sci.), Gyeongsang National Univ.) ;
  • Park, Dongjin (Dept. of Horticulture (Insti. of Agric. & Life Sci.), Gyeongsang National Univ.) ;
  • Huh, Moo-Ryong (Dept. of Horticulture (Insti. of Agric. & Life Sci.), Gyeongsang National Univ.) ;
  • Chang, Hong-Hee (Div. of Applied Life Science (Insti. of Agric. & Life Sci.), Gyeongsang National Univ.) ;
  • Kim, Pil-Joo (Dept. of Envirobiotechnology (Insti. of Agric. & Life Sci.), Gyeongsang National Univ.) ;
  • Kim, Suk (College of Veterinary Medicine (Insti. of Agric. & Life Sci.), Gyeongsang National Univ.)
  • 임정주 (경상대학교 수의학과 (농업생명과학연구원)) ;
  • 김동혁 (경상대학교 수의학과 (농업생명과학연구원)) ;
  • 이진주 (경상대학교 수의학과 (농업생명과학연구원)) ;
  • 김대근 (경상대학교 수의학과 (농업생명과학연구원)) ;
  • 이후장 (경상대학교 수의학과 (농업생명과학연구원)) ;
  • 민원기 (경상대학교 수의학과 (농업생명과학연구원)) ;
  • 박동진 (경상대학교 원예학과(농업생명과학연구원)) ;
  • 허무룡 (경상대학교 원예학과(농업생명과학연구원)) ;
  • 장홍희 (경상대학교 축산학과 (농업생명과학연구원)) ;
  • 김필주 (경상대학교 환경생명화학과 (농업생명과학연구원)) ;
  • 김석 (경상대학교 수의학과 (농업생명과학연구원))
  • Received : 2011.02.11
  • Accepted : 2011.04.22
  • Published : 2011.04.30

Abstract

Hibiscus cannabinus L is a plant in the Malvaceae family. Kenaf was seeded at June 1st in 2010 and harvested at November 18th and dried and evaluated worth as a bulking agent for livestock composting. Harvested and dried Kenaf was divided into the bast, core and leaf. All materials were grinded by hammer mill and the moisture absorption, moisture evaporation, pH, volume weight and C/N ratio were measured. Kenaf was higher water absorption and evaporation ability than those of sawdust and chaff. The pH values of Kenaf were pH $2.8{\pm}0.01$ - $4.34{\pm}0.02$, which is lower pH value than those of sawdust (pH $5.28{\pm}0.01$) and chaff (pH $6.3{\pm}0.02$). The C/N ratio of Kenaf showed 649 of core, 204 of bast and 70 of leaf, which were lower than sawdust (789.1) but higher than chaff (132). In volume weight test, the materials were divided by particle size of Kenaf, named as group A(${\geq}4cm$), B(${\leq}4cm$, ${\geq}0.25cm$) and C(${\leq}0.25cm$). The volume of weight of group A and B for core, bast and leaf showed similar, but group C showed higher than those of sawdust and chaff. Especially, the volume weight of group C for leaf was 5 times higher than those of sawdust and chaff. This study suggested the possibility of using Kenaf as a bulk agent for composting of livestock manure. This is considered that strengthen the competitiveness of farmers through reducing the cost, prevention of environmental pollution caused by livestock manure and environmentally friendly processing of livestock manure.

본 시험은 무궁화과에 속하는 초본 식물인 Kenaf를 경상대학교 시험농장에서 2010년 6월 1일 파종하여 같은 해 11월 18일 수확하여 건조 한 후, 축산분뇨의 수분조절제로서의 가치를 평가하였다. 건조된 Kenaf를 다시 bast, core, leaf으로 분류하여 분쇄를 하였으며, 각각의 분쇄물에 대한 수분 흡수율, 수분 증발률, pH변화, 용적중, C/N비를 측정하였다. 분석 결과 수분흡수율은 대조군으로 사용된 왕겨 및 톱밥과 비하여 높은 수분 흡수율과 증발률을 보였고, pH는 Kenaf의 시료 별 증류수와 72시간 반응 후 측정해 본 결과 pH $2.8{\pm}0.01$ - $4.34{\pm}0.02$ 범위로 톱밥 (pH $5.28{\pm}0.01$) 및 왕겨 (pH $6.3{\pm}0.02$)에 비해 다소 낮게 나타났다. C/N비 분석결과 Kenaf의 core가 649, bast 204, leaf 70 순으로 나타나 대조군으로 사용된 톱밥 (789.1) 보다는 다소 낮았으나 왕겨 (132) 보다는 높은 비율을 보였다. 용적중 시험에서는 Kenaf는 각 시료의 입경에 따라 A(${\geq}4cm$), B(${\leq}4cm$, ${\geq}0.25cm$) 및 C 군(${\leq}0.25cm$) 으로 구분하였고, 시험 결과 bast, core 및 leaf의 경우 입경이 큰 A 군과 B 군은 톱밥 및 왕겨와 비슷한 용적중을 보였으며, 입경의 크기가 작은 C 군의 경우 다소 높은 용적중을 보였고, 특히 leaf C 군의 경우 톱밥 및 왕겨에 비해 5배 이상의 높은 용적중을 보여 입경이 작을수록 용적중이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 축산분뇨의 퇴비화를 위해 Kenaf를 이용 수분조절제로서 활용 가능성을 제시하였고, 이러한 결과는 농가의 비용감소, 축산분뇨로 인한 환경오염 예방은 물론 친환경적 처리가 가능 할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Grant : 펄프생산용 Kenaf를 활용한 양돈분뇨 퇴비화 톱밥 대체기술 개발

Supported by : 농림수산식품부

References

  1. Cho, N. K., C. K. Song, Y. I. Cho, and J. B. Ko. 2001. Effect of nitrogen rate on agronomic characteristics, forage yield and chemical composition of Kenaf on Jeju island. J. Korean Grassl. Sci. 21: 59-66.
  2. Choi, D. Y., J. H. Kawng, C. H. Park, K. H. Jeong, T. I. Kim, J. H. Kim, Y. H. Yoo, C. B. Yang, and H. L. Choi. 2006. Quantity and characteristics of manure produced by holstein heifer at different seasons. J. Lives. Env. 12: 123-132.
  3. Choi H. L. and L. T. Richard. 1997. Animal residue and environment: optimizing the compositing process for moisture removal. J. Ani. Sci. Tech. 39: 446-456.
  4. Hawk, P., B. Oser, and W. Summerson. 1947. Practical Physiology Chemistry: Eds. Philadelphia, Blakiston. p.814-822.
  5. Hwangbo, J., E. C. Hong, H. D. Park, D. W. Kim, and S. B. Cho. 2010. The study on the amount and major compositions of excreta from swine. J. of Ani. Sci. Technol.. 52: 319-328. https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2010.52.4.319
  6. Jeppsson, K. H. 1999. Volatilization of ammonia in deep-litter systems with different bedding materials for young cattle. J. Agric. Engng. Res.73: 49-57. https://doi.org/10.1006/jaer.1998.0387
  7. Kang H. S., S. K. Hong, W. M. Cho, B. H. Paek, C. H. Park, and D. S. Lee. 1995. Effects of sawdust and rice hulls litter on the waste management of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle). J. Lives. Hous. Env. 1: 1-8.
  8. Kang I. A., S. Y. Lee, G. H. Doh, S. J. Chun, and S. L. Yoon. 2010. Water absorption of wood flour-polypropylene composites: effects of wood species, filler particle size and coupling agent. Mokchae Konghak. 38: 298-30.5
  9. Kim N. H., W. J. Whang, G. J. Kwon, S. M. Kwon, M. K. Lee, and J. H. Cho. 2006. Anatomica and physical characteristics of Kenaf grown in Korea. Mokchae konghak 34: 1-7.
  10. Kim T. I., I. P. Crang, J. W. Jung, E. C. Hong, W. R. Bang, Y. H. Yoo, and C. B. Yang. 2004. Effects of rice hull addition and bin wall characteristics on pig slurry composting properties. J. Lives. Hous. Env. 10: 47- 58.
  11. Ko Y. G., Y. J. Kwang, K. H. So, and H. S. Ha. 1997. Selection of alternative bulking agent on composting of livestock manure. J. Agro-Envir. Sci. 39: 37-42.
  12. Kwag J. H., H. S. Kang, H. C. Choi, D. Y. Choi, B. S. Jeon, J. D. Han, T. I. Kim, and H. H. Kim. 2001. Characteristics and quantity of waste produced by crowing and finishing pig. J. Lives. Env. 7: 165-168.
  13. Shin H. J. 2002. Effect on livestock manure composting by the enriched microbial population. Korean J. Life Sci..1 2: 129-135. https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2002.12.2.129
  14. Ryoo S. Y. 2008. A practice-oriented study on sawdust file filteration composting of high moisture pig slurry. J. Lives. Hous. Env. 14: 129-138.
  15. Ward, P. L., J. E. Wohlt, P. K. Zajac, and K. R. Cooper. 2000. Chemical and physical properties of processed newspaper compared to wheat straw and wood shavings as animal bedding. J. Dairy Sci. 83: 359-367. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)74887-9
  16. Zong M. S., S H. Paek, K. H. Choi, W. H. Yang, J. W. Kang, H. S. Son, S. K. Kim, and J. Y. Park. 1996. Effect of aeration rate on composting of mixture of swine feces and newspaper. Korean J. Env. Health. Soc. 22: 58-68. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.110