DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Human Health Risk Assessment Strategy to Evaluate Non-carcinogenic Adverse Health Effect from Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon at POL-Contaminated Sites in Korea

국내 유류오염지역에서의 석유계총탄화수소에 의한 비발암 인체위해성평가 전략

  • Park, In-Sun (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Park, Jae-Woo (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University)
  • 박인선 (한양대학교 건설환경공학과) ;
  • 박재우 (한양대학교 건설환경공학과)
  • Received : 2011.01.21
  • Accepted : 2011.07.26
  • Published : 2011.08.31

Abstract

Human health risk assessment for petroleum, oil and lubricant (POL) contaminated sites is challenging as total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) is not a single compound but rather a mixture of numerous substances. To address this concern, several TPH fractionation approaches have been proposed and used as an effective management tool for the POL-contaminated sites in many countries. In Korea, there are also recognized needs to establish a reliable and cost-effective human health risk assessment strategy based on the TPH fractionation method. In order to satisfy the social and institutional demand, this study suggested that the comprehensive risk assessment strategy based on a newly modified TPH fractionation method with 10 fractions, the Korean Standard Test Method (KSTM)-based analytical protocol and a stepwise risk assessment framework should be introduced into the domestic contaminated land management system. Under the proposed strategy, POL-contaminated sites can be effectively managed in terms of human health protection, and remedial cost and time can be determined reasonably. In addition, more researches required to increase our understanding of environmental risks and improve the domestic management system were proposed.

Keywords

References

  1. 류혜림, 한준경, 남경필, 2007, 위해성에 근거한 정화목표 산정 및 복원전략 수립, 한국지하수토양환경학회지, 12(1), 73-86.
  2. 박용하, 양재의, 옥용식, 2005, 토양오염 지역의 위해성 평가에 관한 외국 정책의 비교분석 및 우리나라의 정책 개선에 관한 고찰, 한국지하수토양환경학회지, 10(5), 1-10.
  3. 정승우, 안윤주, 2007, 토양위해성평가를 위한 합리적 토양조사 방안 연구, 한국지하수토양환경학회지, 12(1), 36-43.
  4. 정승우, 안윤주, 김태승, 2009, 선진국 토양오염 기준의 역할과 기준항목 설정방법, 한국지하수토양환경학회지, 14(1), 18-29.
  5. 안윤주, 이우미, 2007, 토양오염 위해성평가를 위한 국가별 노출인자 비교분석 및 국내 노출인자 연구, 한국지하수토양환경학회지, 12(1), 64-72.
  6. 환경부, 2009a, 토양오염 위해성평가지침, 환경부 예규 제383호.
  7. 환경부, 2009b, 토양보전 기본계획(2010-2019), 11-1480000-001048-01.
  8. 환경부, 2009c, 토양오염공정시험기준, 환경부 고시 제2009-255호.
  9. 환경부, 2010, '09 하반기 정유사별 자동차연료 환경품질등급.
  10. AEHS, 1998, Characterization of C6-C35 petroleum hydrocarbons in environmental samples-The Direct Method, The Association for Environmental Health and Sciences. Available at http://www.weber.hu/PDFs/SPE/TPHCWG.pdf (accessed January 2011)
  11. API, 1993, Method for the characterization of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil, Revision 2, American Petroleum Institute.
  12. API, 2001, Risk-based methodologies for evaluating petroleum hydrocarbon impacts at oil and natural gas E&P sites, API Publication 4709, American Petroleum Institute Publishing Services.
  13. Ascary, K. and Pollard, S., 2005, The UK approach for evaluating human health risks from petroleum hydrocarbons in soils, Science Report P5-080/TR3, UK Environment Agency.
  14. ASTM, 1995, Guide for risk-based corrective action applied at petroleum release sites, Standard E1739-95e1, American Society for Testing Materials.
  15. Badji, J.D. and Kostic, N.M., 2000, Unexpected interaction between Sol-Gel Silica glass and guest molecules extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons into polar silica from hydrophobic solvents, J. Phys. Chem., 104, 11081-11087. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp0021042
  16. Boehm, P.D., Page, D.S., Brown, J.S., Neff, J.M., Bragg, J.R. and Atlas, R.M., 2008, Distribution and weathering of crude oil residues on shorelines 18 years after the Exxon Valdez spill, Environ. Sci. Technol., 24, 9210-9216.
  17. Brown, D.G., Knightes, C.D., and Peters, C.A., 1999, Risk assessment for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon NAPLs using component fractions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 4357-4363. https://doi.org/10.1021/es9902423
  18. CCME, 2001, Reference method for the Canada-wide standard for petroleum hydrocarbons in soil - Tier 1 method, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment.
  19. CCME, 2008a, Canada-wide standard for petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) in soil: User guidance PN-1398, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment.
  20. CCME, 2008b, Canada-wide standard for petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) in soil: Scientific rationale supporting technical document PN-1399, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment.
  21. Environment Agency, 2005, The UK approach for evaluating human health risks from petroleum hydrocarbons in soils, Science Report P5-080/TR3, UK Environment Agency.
  22. Harmsen, J., Hutter, J.W., Win, T., Barnabas, I., Whittle, P., Hansen, N., and Sakai, H., 2005, Risk assessment for mineral oil: Development of standardized analytical methods in soil and soil-like materials, Alterra-Report 1225, Wageningen, Alterra.
  23. Jonker, M.T.O., Brils, J.M., Sinke, A.J.C., Murk, A.J. and Koelmans, A.A., 2006, Weathering and toxicity of marine sediments contaminated with oils and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 25, 1345-1353. https://doi.org/10.1897/05-296R.1
  24. Lee, J.J. and Park, J.W., 2002, Human risk assessment of multiple contaminants in the subsurface, Geosci. J., 6, 27-33. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02911333
  25. MaDEP, 1994, Interim Final Petroleum Report: Development of health based alternative to the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) parameter, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, USA Bureau of Waste Site Cleanup.
  26. MaDEP, 2002a, Draft updated petroleum hydrocarbon fraction toxicity values for the VPH/EPH/APH methodology, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, USA Bureau of Waste Site Cleanup.
  27. MaDEP, 2002b, Characterizing risks posed by petroleum contaminated sites: Implementing the VPH/EPH/APH approach, Policy#WSC-02-411, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, Common Wealth of Massachusetts.
  28. MaDEP, 2004a, Method for the determination of Volatile Petroleum Hydrocarbons (VPH), Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, Common Wealth of Massachusetts.
  29. MaDEP, 2004b, Method for the determination of Extractable Petroleum Hydrocarbons (EPH), Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, Executive Office of Environmental Affairs, Common Wealth of Massachusetts.
  30. Ministry for the Environment, 1999, Guidelines for assessing and managing petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sites in New Zealand, New Zealand Ministry for the Environment.
  31. Park, I.S. and Park, J.W., 2010, A novel total petroleum hydrocarbon fractionation strategy for human health risk assessment for petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated site management, J. Hazard. Mater., 179, 1128-1135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.03.124
  32. Park, I.S. and Park, J.W., 2011, Determination of a risk management primer at petroleum-contaminated sites: Developing new human health risk assessment strategy, J. Hazard. Mater., 185, 1374-1380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.10.058
  33. RIVM, 2001, Technical evaluation of the intervention values for soil/sediment and groundwater, RIVM Report 711701 023, Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment.
  34. Rowland, S., Donkin, P., Smith, E., and Wraige, E., 2001, Aromatic hydrocarbon "humps" in the marine environment: Unrecognized toxins?,Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 2640-2644. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0018264
  35. TPHCWG, 1997a, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group Series: Selection of representative TPH fractions based on fate and transport considerations, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group.
  36. TPHCWG, 1997b, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group Series: Development of fraction specific reference doses (RfDs) and reference concentrations (RfCs) for total petroleum hydrocarbons, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group.
  37. TPHCWG, 1998a, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group Series: Analysis of petroleum hydrocarbons in environmental media, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group.
  38. TPHCWG, 1998b, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group Series: Composition of petroleum mixtures, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group.
  39. TPHCWG, 1999, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group Series: Human health risk based evaluation of petroleum release sites: Implementing the working group approach, Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working Group.
  40. US EPA, 1989, Risk assessment guidance for Superfund volume 1: Human health evaluation manual (Part A), EPA/540/1-89/002, Office of Emergency and Remedial Response, US Environmental Protection Agency.
  41. US EPA, 1986, Guidelines for health risk assessment of chemical mixtures, EPA/630/R-98/002, Risk Assessment Forum, US Environmental Protection Agency.
  42. Van Gestel, C.A.M., Van Der Waarde, J.J., Derksen, J.G.M., Van Der Hoek, E.E., Veul, M.F.X.W., Bouwens, S., Rusch, B., Kronenburg, R. and Stokman, G.N.M., 2001, The use of acute and chronic bioassays to determine the ecological risk and bioremediation efficiency of oil-polluted soils, Environ. Toxcol. Chem., 20, 1438-1449. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620200705
  43. Wang, Z., Fingas, M. and Li, K., 1994, Fractionation of a light crude oil and identification and quantification of aliphatic, aromatic, and biomarker compounds by GC-FID and GC-MS, Part I, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 32, 361-366. https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/32.9.361