Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Substituting Bakery Waste for Barley Grains in Fattening Diets for Awassi Lambs

  • Hindiyeh, M.Y. (Department of Environmental and Water Engineering and its Management, German Jordanian University) ;
  • Haddad, S.G. (Department of Animal Production, Jordan University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Haddad, S.K. (Department of Animal Production, Jordan University of Science and Technology)
  • Received : 2010.09.14
  • Accepted : 2011.01.16
  • Published : 2011.11.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Bakery waste (BW) is much cheaper than barley (20 to 40% the price of barley). Bakery waste and barley grain have similar chemical composition; they contain 99 and 97% organic matter (OM), 1.1 and 1.8% fat, 18 and 15% neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and 14.0 and 14.5% crude protein (CP), respectively (DM basis). The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of substituting BW for barley grain in high concentrate fattening diets for lambs on nutrient intake, growth and carcass characteristics. Forty Awassi lambs (21.75${\pm}$1 kg) weaned at the age of 65 days were assigned randomly to four experimental fattening diets differing in BW ratio in a completely randomized design. The control diet (CON) contained 20, 60, 11, 7, and 2% (DM basis) wheat straw, barley grain, soybean meal, corn grain, and minerals and vitamin mix, respectively. Bakery waste substituted barley grain by 10, 20 and 30% of the diet DM in the LBW, MBW and HBW diets, respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 days. Dry matter intake (DMI) decreased (p<0.05) in LBW diet compared to the CON diet by approximately 10%. No further reduction in DMI was observed with the higher substitution levels. Metabolizable energy intake for the CON diet (3.6 Mcal/d) was also reduced (p<0.05) compared with LBW, MBW and HBW diets (3.4, 3.4 and 3.3 Mcal/d, respectively). Final body weight for lambs fed the CON diet (34.8 kg) was higher (p<0.05) compared with lambs fed the LBW, MBW and HBW diets (30.6, 32.0 and 31.1 kg, respectively). Growth rate for lambs fed the CON diet (232 g/d) was also higher (p<0.05) compared to lambs fed the LBW, MBW and HBW diets (170, 189, and 167 g/d, respectively). Feed to gain ratio was higher (p<0.05) for lambs fed the LBW, MBW and HBW diets (7.2, 6.6 and 7.3, respectively) compared with lambs that consumed the CON diet (5.7). Body weight gain cost was reduced by approximately 8% by the MBW and HBW diets as compared with the CON diet. Dressing percentage, full gut weight, empty gut weight and liver weights were all unaffected by the BW addition to the diets and averaged 48.9%, 6.8 kg, 2.8 kg and 0.444 kg, respectively. However, fat tail weight was increased (p<0.05) with the higher levels of the BW inclusion. In conclusion, substituting BW for barley grain reduced DMI and growth performance. However, when BW substituted barley grain at the 20 and 30% of the diet DM, body weight gain cost was reduced by approximately 8%.

Keywords

References

  1. AOAC. 1990. Official methods of analysis. 15th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Arlington. Virginia.
  2. Al-Jassim, R. A., D. I. Aziz, K. Zohra and J. L. Black. 1999. Effect of concentrate feeding on milk yield and weight change of Awassi ewes and the growth of their lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 69:441-446.
  3. Arosemena, A., E. J. DePeter and J. G. Fadel. 1995. Extent of variability in nutrient composition within selected by-product feedstuffs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 54:103-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(95)00766-G
  4. Britton, R. A. and R. A. Stock. 1987. Acidosis, rate of starch digestion and intake. In: Symposium proceeding: Feed Intake by Beef Cattle (Ed. F. N. Owens). Publ. MP. 121. pp. 125. Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater.
  5. Cooper, R. J., T. J. Klopfenstein, R. A. Stock, C. T. Millton, D. W. Herold and J. C. Parrott. 1999. Effects of imposed feed intake variation on acidosis and performance of finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 77:1093-1099.
  6. Goering, H. K. and P. J. Van Soest. 1970. Forage fiber analyses (apparatus, reagents, procedures and some applications). Agric. Handbook, No. 379. ARS, USDA, Washington, DC.
  7. Guiroy, P. J., D. G. Fox, D. H. Beermann and D. J. Ketchen. 2000. Performance and meat quality of beef steers fed corn-based or bread by-product-based diets. J. Anim. Sci. 78:784-790.
  8. Haddad, S. G., R. E. Nasr and M. M. Muwalla. 2001. Optimum dietary crude protein level for finishing Awassi lambs. Small Rumin. Res. 39:41-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(00)00172-3
  9. Harb, M. V. and M. S. Habbab. 1989. The economics and the management problems of sheep fattening in Jordan. Dirassat 16:52-69.
  10. Huber, J. T. 1981. Upgrading residues and by-broducts for animals. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
  11. National Research Council. 1985. Nutrient requirement of sheep, 6th ed. National Academy of Science, Washington DC.
  12. Nelson, M. L., R. J. Busboom, D. Cronrath, L. Falen and A. Blankenbaker. 2000. Effects of graded levels of potato byproduct in barley- and corn-based beef feedlot diets: I. Feedlot performance, carcass traits, meat composition, and appearance. J. Anim. Sci. 78:1829-1836.
  13. Nor, B. and H. Strobel. 1996. Application of a regional sector model for the evaluation of livestock sector production system in Jordan. Seminar on Livestock Policy Analysis in Jordan. 24-26 March 1996. Amman, Jordan.
  14. SAS Institute, 1991. SAS for Windows, Version 6.0 SAS Institute, Cary, NC.
  15. Van Soest, P. J., J. B. Robertson and B. A. Lewis. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74: 358-3592.
  16. Zarkawi, M. 1997. Monitoring the reproduction performance in Awassi ewes using progesterone radioimmunoassay. Small Rumin. Res. 26:291-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(97)00011-4

Cited by

  1. Effects of alternative feedstuffs on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of growing Awassi lambs vol.18, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051x.2019.1579680
  2. Effects of Partial Replacement of Conventional with Alternative Feeds on Nutrient Intake, Digestibility, Milk Yield and Composition of Awassi Ewes and Lambs vol.9, pp.9, 2011, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9090684
  3. Recycling food leftovers in feed as opportunity to increase the sustainability of livestock production vol.294, pp.None, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126290