The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition (한국식품영양학회지)

The Korean Society of Food and Nutrition (한국식품영양학회)
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In Vivo Immunological Activity in Fermentation with Black Rice Bran

유색미 미강발효물의 면역활성 효과

  • 김동주 ((주)이롬 생명과학연구원) ;
  • 류수노 (한국방송통신대학 농학과) ;
  • 한상준 (한국방송통신대학 농학과) ;
  • 김화영 ((주)이롬 생명과학연구원) ;
  • 김중학 ((주)이롬 생명과학연구원) ;
  • 홍성길 ((주)이롬 생명과학연구원)
  • Received : 2011.03.25
  • Accepted : 2011.07.08
  • Published : 2011.09.30
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Abstract

Rice bran is byproducts of the hulling of rice, an important food resource in Korea. Various studies have been reported immune-enhancing effects of rice bran cultured with Lentinus edodes. In particular black rice bran contains anthocyanin, and the effects of antioxidant have been reported. The objective of the this study was to investigate the possible immune-enhancing effects of black rice bran substance extracted from a submerged culture of Lentinus edodes with black rice bran (crude fermentation-polysaccharide, CFP) and products(crude fermentation-polysaccharide-S. cerevisiae CFP-S, crude fermentation-polysaccharide-L. gasseri, CFP-L) which are of secondary fermentation of by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus gasseri in the Blab/c male mice. We found that supplementation of CFP, CFP-S and CFP-L enhanced macrophage and splenocyte proliferation compared to the control group(NC) in mice. Also, we measured the concentration of cytokines(IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6) secreted by activated macrophage and splenocyte. The results of the experiment are that supplementation of CFP and CFP-S increased the macrophage and splenocyte proliferation compared to the control group but supplementation of CFP-L decreased the splenoyte proliferation compared to the control group(without mitogen and treated with LPS). When macrophage and splenocyte were stimulated by CFP and CFP-S supplementation, it was increased IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 concentration compared with the control group. These results suggest that the capacity of CFP and CFP-S seem to act as a potent immune modulator causing augmentation of immune cell activity, and enhance the immue function through regulating cytokine production capacity by activated macrophage and splenocyte in mice.

본 연구는 유색미 미강을 표고버섯 균사체로 발효한 1차 발효물(CFP)과 1차 발효물을 효모와 유산균으로 2차 발효시킨 2차 발효물(CFP-S, CFP-L)을 이용하여 in vivo 상에서 면역 활성을 측정하였다. 4주간 각 물질을 250 mg/kg BW/day로 경구 투여시킨 후 마우스 복강 대식세포와 비장세포를 분리하여 각각의 세포 증식도을 평가하였으며, 각 세포에서 분비하는 사이토카인의 분비량을 측정하였다. 실험 결과, 마우스 대식세포의 증식은 CFP 경구 투여군과 CFP-S 경구 투여군이 높게 나타났다. 또한 비장세포의 증식에 있어서는 CFP 경구투여군이 대조군에 비해 높게 나타났다. 마우스 대식세포에서 분비하는 사이토카인의 분비량을 측정한 결과, CFP-S군은 IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6의 분비량을 모두 증가시켰으며, CFP 경구 투여군은 LPS를 처리하여 대식세포를 활성화시킨 세포에서 IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-6의 분비량이 증가하였다. CFP-L 경구 투여군에서는 LPS를 처리한 세포에서 TNF-${\alpha}$의 분비량이 증가됨이 관찰되었지만 미비한 수준이었다. 비장세포에서 분비하는 사이토카인의 농도 측정 결과는 CFP 경구 투여군에서 모든 사이토카인(IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6) 분비량을 증가시켰으며, CFP-S는 LPS를 처리한 비장세포에서 분비하는 사이토카인 중 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6의 분비량이 증가됨을 관찰하였다. CFP-L 경구 투여 군에서는 사이토카인 분비량이 대조군에 비해 모두 감소되었다. 이상의 연구 결과를 바탕으로 유색미 미강 1차 발효물(CFP)와 2차 발효물 중 효모로 발효시킨 CFP-S가 마우스에 경구 투여 시 면역과 관련된 세포의 활성을 증가시키고, 이 세포에서 분비되는 면역인자인 사이토카인의 분비량을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 2차 발효물 중 유산균으로 2차 발효 시킨 CFP-L은 면역 활성에 효과를 나타내지 않았다. 여러 선행연구에서는 미강 표고버섯 균사체 발효물이 면역 증진작용 가진다고 보고하고 있다. 이는 발효물에 생리활성을 나타내는 기능성 다당체가 포함되어 있기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 일반 미강에서 유색미 미강을 이용하고, 더 나아가 1차 발효물을 효모와 유산균으로 2차 발효를 함으로 좀 더 저분자화된 다당체를 생성함으로 면역 증진 기능의 상승효과를 기대하였다. 특히, 2차 발효에 사용한 효모는 자체 내세포벽에 베타-글루칸을 함유한 것으로 현재 기능식품소재로 사용되고 있으며, 여러 연구 결과, 면역 증강 작용이 확인되었다(Kim 등 2008). 또한 유산균종은 BRM(biological response modifier)이라 불리는 면역조절물질로 알려져 있다(Hong 2005). 그러나 연구 결과, 유산균을 통한 2차 발효물은 면역기능 평가 시 효과적이지 못하였다. 또한 본 연구에서는 유색미 미강발효물의 면역효과는 기능성 다당체와 더불어 유색미에 포함되어 있는 안토시아닌이라는 항산화 성분의 효과라고 생각된다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 유색미 미강 발효물과 일반미의 미강발효물의 면역활성 효과를 비교하지 않았고, 유색미 미강의 어떤 물질이 면역활성에 기여했을 지는 판단하기 어렵다. 따라서 앞으로 1차 발효물과 2차 발효물의 기능성 다당체의 성분과 또한 항산화 효과를 기대한 안토시아닌 함량 분석하고, 2차 발효시 미강에 존재하는 기능성 다당체들의 수율과 활성의 변화를 평가할 필요가 있다고 판단된다. 이 같은 연구는 유색미 미강의 이용가치를 높이고, 식품 소재 개발에 있어서 중요한 기초자료가 될 것으로 보인다.

Keywords

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