References
- Amaral, J.F., Silva, M.I.G., Neto, M.R.A., Neto, P.F.T., Moura, B.A., Melo, C.T.V., Araujo, F.LO., DeSousa, D.P., Vasconcelos, P.F., Vasconcelos, S.M., and Sousa, F.C.F., Antinociceptive effect of the monoterpene R-(−)-limoneneinmice. Biol. Pharm. Bull., 30, 1217-1220 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.30.1217
- Bley, K.R., Hunter, J.C., Eglen, R.M., and Smith, J.A., The role of IP prostanoid receptors in inflammatory pain. Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 19, 141-147 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-6147(98)01185-7
- Bruce, R.D., An up-and-down procedure for acute toxicity testing. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol., 5, 151-157 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-0590(85)90059-4
- Calixto, J.B., Beirith, A., Ferreira, J., Santos, A.R., Filho, V.C., and Yunes, R.A., Naturally occurring antinociceptive substances from plants. Phytother. Res., 14, 401-418 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1573(200009)14:6<401::AID-PTR762>3.0.CO;2-H
- Cha, D.S. and Jeon, H., Anti-inflammatory Effect of MeOH extracts of the stem of Polygonum multiflorum in LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. Nat. Prod. Sci., 15, 83-89 (2009).
- Chan, Y.C., Wang, M.F., and Chang, HC., Polygonum multiflorum extracts improve cognitive performance in senescence accelerated mice. Am. J. Chin. Med., 31, 171-179 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X03000862
- Chiu, P.Y., Mak, D.H., Poon, M.K., and Ko, K.M., In vivo antioxidant action of a lignan-enriched extract of Schisandra fruit and an anthraquinone-containing extract of Polygonum root in comparison with schisandrin B and emodin. Planta. Med., 68, 951-956 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-35661
- Dalal, A., Tata, M., Allegre, G., Gekiere, F., Bons, N., and Albe-Fessard, D., Spontaneous activity of rat dorsal horn cells in spinal segments of sciatic projection following transections of sciatic nerve or of corresponding dorsal roots. Neuroscience, 94, 217-228 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(99)00328-0
- Derardt, R., Jougney, S., Delevalcee, F., and Falhout, M., Release of prostaglandins E and F in an algogenic reaction and its inhibition. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 51, 17-24 (1980).
- Dirig, D.M., Isakson, P.C., and Yaksh, T.L., Effect of COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition on induction and maintenance of carrageenan-evoked thermal hyperalgesia in rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 285, 1031-1038 (1998).
- Franzotti, E.M., Santos, C.V., Rodrigues, H.M., Mourão, R.H., Andrade, M.R., and Antoniolli, A.R., Anti-inflammatory, analgesic activity and acute toxicity of Sida cordifolia L. (Malva-branca). J. Ethnopharmacol., 72, 273-277 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00205-1
- Fukawa, K., Kawano, O., Hibi, M., Misaki, N., Ohba, S., and Hatanaka, Y., A method for evaluating analgesic agents in rats. J. Pharmacol. Methods, 4, 251-259 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-5402(80)90017-0
- Hunskaar, S., Fasmer, O.B., and Hole, K., Formalin test in mice, a useful technique for evaluating mild analgesics. J. Neurosci. Methods, 14, 69-76 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0270(85)90116-5
- Hunskaar, S. and Hole, K., The formalin test in mice: dissociation between inflammatory and non-inflammatory pain. Pain, 30, 103-114 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(87)90088-1
- IASP., The need of a taxonomy. Pain, 6, 247-252 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(79)90046-0
- Kang, S.C., Lee, C.M., Choi, H., Lee, J.H., Oh, J.S., Kwak, J.H., and Zee, O.P., Evaluation of oriental medicinal herbs for estrogenic and antiproliferative activities. Phytother. Res., 20, 1017-1019 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1987
- Li, R.W., David, L.G., Myers, S.P., and Leach, D.N., Anti-inflammatory activity of Chinese medicinal vine plants. J. Ethnopharmacol., 85, 61-67 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00339-2
- Li, X., Matsumoto, K., Murakami, Y., Tezuka, Y., Wu, Y., and Kadota, S., Neuroprotective effects of Polygonum multiflorum on nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration induced by paraquat and maneb in mice. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 82, 345-352 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2005.09.004
- Olajide, O.A., Awe, S.O., Makinde, J.M., Ekhelar, A.I., Olusola, A., Morebise, O., and Okpako, D.T., Studies on the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties of Alstonia boonei stem bark. J. Ethnopharmacol., 71, 179-186 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00200-7
- Santos, A.R.S. and Calixto, J.B., Further evidence for the involvement of tachykinin receptor subtypes in formalin and capsaicin models of pain in mice. Neuropeptides, 31, 381-389 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0143-4179(97)90075-5
- Trongsakul, S., Panthong, A., Kanjanapothi, D., and Taesotikul, T., The analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activity of Diospyros variegata Kruz. J. Ethnopharmacol., 85, 221-225 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00020-5
- Um, M.Y., Choi, W.H, Aan, J.Y., Kim, S.R., and Ha, T.Y., Protective effect of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb on amyloid beta-peptide 25-35 induced cognitive deficits in mice. J. Ethnopharmacol., 104, 144-148 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.08.054
- Vontagu, H., Abbah, J., Nagazal, I.E., Kunle, O.F., Chindo, B.A., Otsapa, P.B., and Gamaniel, KS., Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanolic extract of Parinari polyandra stem bark in rats and mice. J. Ethnopharmacol., 90, 115-121 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.038
- Wang, W., Cao, C.Y., Wang, D.Q., and Zhao, D.Z., Effect of prepared Polygonum multiflorum on striatum extracellular acetylcholine and choline in rats of intracerebral perfusion with sodium azide. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 31, 751-753 (2006).
- Wang, Y.X., Gao, D., Pettus, M., Phillips, C., and Bowersox, S.S., Interactions of intrathecally administered ziconotide, a selective blocker of neuronal N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels, with morphine on nociception in rats. Pain., 84, 271-281 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3959(99)00214-6
- Xiao, P.G., Xing, S.T., and Wang, L.W., Immunological aspects of Chinese medicinal plants as antiageing drugs. J. Ethnopharmacol., 38, 167-175 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(93)90013-U
- Yalcin, I. and Aksu, F., Involvement of potassium channels and nitric oxide in tramadol antinociception. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav., 80, 69-75 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2004.10.020
- Yim, T.K., Wu, W.K., Mak, D.H., and Ko, K.M., Myocardial protective effect of an anthraquinone-containing extract of Polygonum multiflorum ex vivo. Planta. Med., 64, 607-611 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957531
- Zhang, C.Z., Wang, S.X., Zhang, Y., Chen, J.P., and Liang, X.M., In vitro estrogenic activities of Chinese medicinal plants traditionally used for the management of menopausal symptoms. J. Ethnopharmacol., 98, 295-300 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.01.033
- Zhang, H., Jeong, B.S, and Ma, T.H., Antimutagenic property of an herbal medicine, Polygonum multiftorum Thunb. detected by the Tradescantia micronucleus assay. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol., 18, 127-130 (1999).
- Zimmermann, M., Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals. Pain, 16, 109-110 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(83)90201-4