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Separator Effect on the Cell Failure of Lithium Secondary Battery using Lithium Metal Electrode

리튬금속 전극을 이용한 리튬이차전지의 내부단락에 대한 분리막의 영향

  • Kim, Ju-Seok (Battery & Piezoelectric Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute) ;
  • Bae, Sang-Ho (Battery & Piezoelectric Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute) ;
  • Hwang, Min-Ji (Battery & Piezoelectric Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute) ;
  • Heo, Min-Yeong (Battery & Piezoelectric Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute) ;
  • Doh, Chil-Hoon (Battery & Piezoelectric Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute)
  • 김주석 (한국전기연구원 전지압전연구센터) ;
  • 배상호 (한국전기연구원 전지압전연구센터) ;
  • 황민지 (한국전기연구원 전지압전연구센터) ;
  • 허민영 (한국전기연구원 전지압전연구센터) ;
  • 도칠훈 (한국전기연구원 전지압전연구센터)
  • Received : 2011.06.17
  • Accepted : 2011.08.30
  • Published : 2011.08.31

Abstract

Lithium secondary batteries using lithium metal count electrode are easy to use and to analyze the specific characteristics of working electrode. Nevertheless, during the charge operation internal electrical short circuit could be caused by the dendritic growth of lithium. The cell failure by the short circuit depends on the condition of separator such as constitutive material and thickness. To prevent the cell failure caused by the dendritic growth of lithium, the electrochemical properties of the cell of lithium metal count electrode were evaluated for four different kinds of separator. Among the tested separators, GMF (glass micro-fiber filter, $300{\mu}m$) was the most promising one because it could effectively prevent the cell failure during the charge. The cell using GMF separator had relatively low impedance. Generally the cell using thicker separator than $50{\mu}m$ could effectively avoid the cell failure by internal short circuit and had the good cycleability. The highest rate capability by the signature method was acquired in the case of GMF separator.

리튬금속을 사용하는 리튬이차전지는 사용이 간편하고 측정전극의 고유특성을 분석할 수 있는 장점이 있는 반면에 방전후 충전 시 리튬금속 전극에 리튬금속 수지상이 생성되고 심지어는 성장된 수지상에 의해 내부단락을 초래한다. 이러한 단락현상은 분리막의 두께와 밀접한 관계가 있다. 수지상에 의한 내부단락을 방지하기 위하여 두께가 각각 다른 4종류의 분리막을 사용하여 전기화학적 특성을 분석하였다. 다공성 유리섬유 부직포(glass microfiber filter) 분리막은 두께가 $300{\mu}m$ 로써 내부단락을 효과적으로 방지 할 수 있으며 AC 임피던스 값도 낮아서 유망한 분리막으로 확인하였다. 분리막의 두께가 $50{\mu}m$ 이상인 경우 내부단락 현상이 일어나지 않았으며, 0.2 C율의 싸이클 특성도 양호하였다. Signature 율 특성은 다공성 유리섬유 부직포를 사용한 경우 5 C의 고율에서 용량 유지율은 0.1 C에 비교하여 99%의 우수한 특성을 나타내는 것을 확인하였다.

Keywords

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