ALGAE

The Korean Society of Phycology (한국조류학회(藻類))
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of temporary and periodic emersion on the growth of Fucus spiralis and Pelvetia canaliculata germlings

  • Kim, Bo-Yeon (Faculty of Biological Science and Institute of Basic Sciences, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Park, Seo-Kyoung (Faculty of Biological Science and Institute of Basic Sciences, Wonkwang University) ;
  • Norton, Trevor A. (School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool) ;
  • Choi, Han-Gil (Faculty of Biological Science and Institute of Basic Sciences, Wonkwang University)
  • Received : 2011.04.30
  • Accepted : 2011.05.28
  • Published : 2011.06.15
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The stress tolerance ability of Pelvetia canaliculata (L.) Dcne. Et Thur. and Fucus spiralis L. to temporary and periodic emersion stress was examined in order to test the following hypotheses: The upper shore alga, P. canaliculata is more tolerant to desiccation than F. spiralis in the germling stage and the former outgrows the latter under desiccation stress; Germling stress tolerance of the two species is age-specific; Crowding of germlings protects them from desiccation, irrespective of the species involved. Germling growth of the two species was retarded with increasing exposure period and was age-specific, as they were air-exposed at an earlier stage. After 16 days, the length of Pelvetia germlings was similar between 2-day-old germlings (125-140 ${\mu}m$) and 7-day-old germlings (134-140 ${\mu}m$), which were air-exposed during the same period (0, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h) at the two different ages. However, Fucus germlings were significantly larger at 7-day-old germlings (211-277 ${\mu}m$) than at 2-day-old germlings (184-278 ${\mu}m$), especially in the treatments of 48 and 72 h. These results indicate that Fuscus grow faster than Pelvetia and that the growth response of germlings to temporary emersion stress is more sensitive in Fucus than that in Pelvetia. Growth of germlings of both species was reduced with increasing density under favorable growth conditions (submerged control and 6 h / 12 h exposure treatments) in the periodic air-exposed experiments using tidal tanks, but was enhanced under severe emersion stress conditions. P. canaliculata showed better growth at 6 h exposure treatment than that of the control, under continuous submergence, indicating that Pelvetia germlings require a periodic exposure period. Fucus germlings always grew faster than those of Pelvetia and did best in mixed cultures, whereas Pelvetia did least well when mixed with Fucus germlings. The adverse effects of F. spiralis on P. canaliculata were greater than those of Pelvetia cohorts. The outcome of interspecific competition between F. spiralis and P. canaliculata gemlings was slightly altered by exposure period but not to such an extent as to change the outcome.

Keywords

References

  1. Andrew, N. L. & Viejo, R. M. 1998. Effects of wave exposure and intraspecific density on the growth and survivorship of Sargassum muticum (Sargassaceae: Phaeophyta). Eur. J. Phycol. 33:251-258. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670269810001736753
  2. Ang, P. O. & De Wreede, R. E. 1992. Density-dependence in a population of Fucus distichus. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 90:169-181. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps090169
  3. Brawley, S. H. & Johnson, L. E. 1991. Survival of fucoid embryos in the intertidal zone depends upon developmental stage and microhabitat. J. Phycol. 27:179-186. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1991.00179.x
  4. Chapman, A. R. O. 1995. Functional ecology of fucoid algae: twenty-three years of progress. Phycologia 34:1-32. https://doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-34-1-1.1
  5. Choi, H. G. & Norton, T. A. 2005a. Competitive interactions between two fucoid algae with different growth forms, Fucus serratus and Himanthalia elongata. Mar. Biol. 146:283-291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-004-1441-4
  6. Choi, H. G. & Norton, T. A. 2005b. Competition and facilitation between germlings of Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus. Mar. Biol. 146:525-532.
  7. Creed, J. C., Norton, T. A. & Kain, J. M. 1996. Are neighbours harmful or helpful in Fucus vesiculosus populations? Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 133:191-201. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps133191
  8. Davison, I. R., Johnson, L. E. & Brawley, S. H. 1993. Sublethal stress in the intertidal zone: tidal emersion inhibits photosynthesis and retards development in embryos of the brown alga Pelvetia fastigiata. Oecologia 96:483-492. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00320505
  9. Davison, I. R. & Pearson, G. A. 1996. Stress tolerance in intertidal seaweeds. J. Phycol. 32:197-211. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1996.00197.x
  10. Enright, C. T. 1979. Competitive interaction between Chondrus crispus (Florideophyceae) and Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyceae) in Chondrus aquaculture. Proc. Int. Seaweed Symp. 9:209-218.
  11. Fujita, R. M. 1985. The role of nitrogen status in regulating transient ammonium uptake and nitrigen storage by macroalgae. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 92:283-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(85)90100-5
  12. Hardy, F. G. & Moss, B. L. 1979. Attachment and development of the zygotes of Pelvetia canaliculata (L.) Dcne. et Thur. (Phaeophyceae, Fucales). Phycologia 18:203-212. https://doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-18-3-203.1
  13. Hruby, T. & Norton, T. A. 1979. Algal colonization on rocky shores in the Firth of Clyde. J. Ecol. 67:65-77. https://doi.org/10.2307/2259337
  14. Hurd, C. L. & Dring, M. J. 1990. Phosphate uptake by intertidal algae in relation to zonation and season. Mar. Biol. 107:281-289. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01319827
  15. Hurd, C. L. & Dring, M. J. 1991. Desiccation and phosphate uptake by intertidal fucoid algae in relation to zonation. Bri. Phycol. J. 26:327-333. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071619100650291
  16. Kain, J. M. & Jones, N. S. 1964. Aspects of the biology of Laminaria hyperborea III. Survival and growth of gametophytes. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K. 44:415-433. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400024929
  17. Knight, M. & Parke, M. 1950. A biological study of Fucus vesiculosus L. and F. serratus L. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K. 29:439-514. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315400055454
  18. Lewis, J. R. 1964. The ecology of Rocky Shores. English Universities Press, London, 323 pp.
  19. Moss, B. 1974. Attachment and germination of the zygotes of Pelvetia canaliculata (L.) Dcne. et Thur. (Phaeophyceae, Fucales). Phycologia 13:317-322. https://doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-13-4-317.1
  20. Pearson, G., Kautsky, L. & Serrao, E. 2000. Recent evolution in Baltic Fucus vesiculosus: reduced tolerance to emersion stresses compared to intertidal (North Sea) populations. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 202:67-79. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps202067
  21. Peckol, P. & Rivers, J. S. 1995. Competitive interactions between the opportunistic macroalgae Cladophora vagabunda (Chlorophyta) and Gracilaria tikvahiae (Rhodophyta) under eutrophic conditions. J. Phycol. 31:229-232. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1995.00229.x
  22. Pfetzing, J., Stengel, D. B., Cuffe, M. M., Savage, A. V. & Guiry, M. D. 2000. Effects of temperature and prolonged emersion on photosynthesis carbohydrate content and growth of the brown intertidal alga Pelvetia canaliculata. Bot. Mar. 43:399-407. https://doi.org/10.1515/BOT.2000.041
  23. Reed, D. C., Neushul, M. & Ebeling, A. W. 1991. Role of settlement density on gametophyte growth and reproduction in the kelps Pterygophora californica and Macrocystis pyrifera (Phaeophyceae). J. Phycol. 27:361-366. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1991.00361.x
  24. Schonbeck, M. & Norton, T. A. 1978. Factors controlling the upper limits of fucoid algae on the shore. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 31:303-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(78)90065-5
  25. Schonbeck, M. W. & Norton, T. A. 1979. The effects of diatoms on the growth of Fucus spiralis germlings in culture. Bot. Mar. 22:233-236. https://doi.org/10.1515/botm.1979.22.4.233
  26. Schonbeck, M. W. & Norton, T. A. 1980. Factors controlling the lower limits of fucoid algae on the shore. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 43:131-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(80)90021-0
  27. Sokal, R. R. & Rohlf, F. J. 1995. Biometry. 3rd ed. W. H. Freeman, New York, 887 pp.
  28. Strömgren, T. 1977. Short-term effects of temperature upon the growth of intertidal fucales. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 29:181-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(77)90047-8
  29. Vadas, R. L., Johnson, S. & Norton, T. A. 1992. Recruitment and mortality of early post-settlement stages of benthic algae. Br. Phycol. J. 27:331-351. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071619200650291

Cited by

  1. IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CATALASE GENE PyCAT FROM THE RED ALGA PYROPIA YEZOENSIS (BANGIALES, RHODOPHYTA)1 vol.48, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2012.01152.x
  2. Effects of periodic air-exposure and nutrients on the competition of Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus germlings vol.29, pp.1, 2011, https://doi.org/10.13047/kjee.2015.29.1.007