Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

The Korean Pediatric Society (대한소아청소년과학회)
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Alteration of $CD4^+CD25^+Foxp3^+$ T cell level In Kawasaki disease

  • Sohn, Su-Ye (Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Song, Young-Wooh (Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Yeo, Yun-Ku (Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Yun-Kyung (Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Jang, Gi-Young (Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Woo, Chan-Wook (Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Jung-Hwa (Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Kwang-Chul (Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine)
  • Received : 2010.08.03
  • Accepted : 2010.12.29
  • Published : 2011.04.15
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Abstract

Purpose: Exaggerated pro-inflammatory reactions during the acute phase of Kawasaki disease (KD) suggest the role of immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of KD. We investigated the profiles of T regulatory cells and their correlation with the clinical course of KD. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 17 KD patients during acute febrile and subacute afebrile phases. T cells expressing CD4, CD25, and Foxp3 were analyzed using flow cytometry, and the results were correlated with the clinical course of KD. Results: The percentage of circulating $CD4^+CD25^{high}Foxp3^+$ T cells among $CD4^+$ T cells was Significantly higher during the subacute afebrile phase than during the acute febrile phase ($1.10%{\pm}1.22%$ vs. $0.55%{\pm}0.53%$, P=0.049). Although levels of $CD4^+CD25^{low}Foxp3^+$ T cells and $CD4^+CD25^-Foxp3^+$ T cells were only slightly altered, the percentage of $CD4^+CD25^+Foxp3^-$ T cells among $CD4^+$ T cells was significantly lower during the subacute afebrile phase than during the acute febrile phase ($2.96%{\pm}1.95%$ vs. $5.64%{\pm}5.69%$, P=0.036). Consequently, the ratio of $CD25^{high}Foxp3^+$ T cells to $CD25^+Foxp3^-$ T cells was higher during the subacute afebrile phase than during the acute febrile phase ($0.45%{\pm}0.57%$ vs. $0.13%{\pm}0.13%$, P=0.038). Conclusion: Decreased $CD4^+CD25^{high}Foxp3^+$ T cells and/or an imbalanced ratio of $CD4^+CD25^{high}Foxp3^+$ T cells to $CD4^+CD25^+Foxp3^-$ T cells might playa role in KD development. Considering that all KD patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), recovery of $CD4^+CD25^{high}Foxp3^+$ T cells during the subacute afebrile phase could be a mechanism of IVIG.

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References

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