Economic and Environmental Geology (자원환경지질)

The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology (대한자원환경지질학회)
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Geochemical Variation of Hwangsan Volcanic Complex by Large Hydrothermal Alteration

대규모 열수변질작용에 따른 황산 화산암복합체의 지구화학적 변화특성

  • Kim, Eui-Jun (Domestic/North Korea Mineral Resources Group, Mineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources (KIGAM)) ;
  • Hong, Young-Kook (Domestic/North Korea Mineral Resources Group, Mineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources (KIGAM)) ;
  • Chi, Se-Jung (Domestic/North Korea Mineral Resources Group, Mineral Resources Research Division, Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources (KIGAM))
  • 김의준 (한국지질자원연구원 광물자원연구본부 국내/북한자원연구실) ;
  • 홍영국 (한국지질자원연구원 광물자원연구본부 국내/북한자원연구실) ;
  • 지세정 (한국지질자원연구원 광물자원연구본부 국내/북한자원연구실)
  • Received : 2011.01.04
  • Accepted : 2011.03.26
  • Published : 2011.04.28
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Abstract

The Hwangsan volcanic rocks, hosting the Moisan epithermal Au-Ag deposit arc widely distributed throughout the Seongsan district, and associated with large hydrothermal alteration. They were analyzed as the Moisan and around voleanic rocks, and most of them show dacitic to rhyolitic compositions. Hydrothermal alteration related to epithermal system causes the host rocks to show the geochemical variation due to high mobility of alkali elements. These features can be applied for quantitative estimates of alteration intensity. Alteration intensity of volcanic rocks from the Moisan ranges from subtle to intense, based on AI vs. $Na_2O$ diagram. The pattern that ($CaO+Na_2O$) content decrease with increasing $K_2O$ content results from sericitic alteration, in which hydrothermal fluids continually provide $K^+$ into country rocks but remove $Ca^{2+}$ and $Na^{2+}$ of feldspars within country rocks. The decrease of ($CaO+Na_2O$) with decreasing $K_2O$ in some samples from the Moisan may be caused by advanced argillic alteration that all alkali elements are entirely removed from country rocks by acid hydrothermal fluids. Two alteration trends, based on Al and CCPI alteration indices suggest both sericitic alterations of feldsaprs to illite and sericite+chlorite$^{\circ}{\ae}$pyritc alteration of high Mg and Fe activities. Trace and Rare Earth Elements patterns show the similar geochemical variation related to hydrothermal alteration. Of LIL elements, strong depletion of $Sr^{2+}$, substituting for $Ca^{2+}$ in feldspars, appears to be resulted from removal of $Ca^{2+}$, during replacement of feldspars to alumino-silicates or phyllo silicates minerals by hydrothermal fluids. Relatively low total REEs contents (Moisan: 119-182 ppm; Seongsan: 111-209 ppm) and gently negative slopes suggest that significant mobility of LREEs appear to occur during hydrothermal alteration.

모이산-은산 천열수 금-은광상을 배태하고 있는 황산 화산암들은 성산지구 전반에 널리 분포하며, 대규모 열수변질작용을 수반한다. 열수변질작용에 따른 지구화학적 변화특성을 파악하기 위해 모이산과 주변 화산암으로 구분하여 분석되었으며, 이들은 대체적으로 석영안산암질 내지 유문암질 조성을 갖는다. 천열수계에서 수반되는 열수변질작용은 모암으로부터 알카리원소들을 쉽게 유동시키기 때문에, 일정한 지구화학적 변화를 보인다. 이러한 특성은 열수변질작용의 정도를 정량화하는데 적용될 수 있다. 모이산 화산암들의 AI지수에 따른 $Na_2O$ 함량변화는 미약한 정도에서부터 상당히 강한 변질작용을 수반하는 단계로 정량화 될 수 있다. $K_2O$ 함량의 증가에 따른 $CaO+Na_2O$ 함량의 감소는 열수유체로부터 지속적인 $K^+$의 유입과 모암 내 장석류들의 $Ca^{2+}$와 $Na^{2+}$성분들이 제거되는 견운모화작용의 결과로 이해된다. 일부 모이산 화산암들의 선적인 변화는 강산 열수유체로부터 모든 알카리 성분들이 완전히 제거되는 강고령토변질작용의 결과로 이해될 수 있다. 또한 AI지수와 CCPI지수의 변화양상은 함금-은 석영맥을 형성시킨 광화유체의 유입으로 모이산 화산암들의 장석류가 일라이트로 교대되는 견운모변질작용과 Mg와 Fe의 활동도 증가에 따른 견운모+녹니석+황철석 변질작용에 해당하는 두 가지 변질양상을 갖는다. 미량원소 및 희토류원소들에서도 열수변질작용과 관련된 지구화학적 변화특성을 보인다. 친지각원소인 $Sr^{2+}$ 의 상당한 결핍은 열수변질작용동안 장석류들이 알루미나 규산염광물 혹은 충상규산염광물들로 변질되는 과정에서 $Ca^{2+}$가 제거되면서 이를 치환하고 있는 $Sr^{2+}$이 함께 제거된 것으로 보인다. 상대적으로 낮은 총 희토류함량(모이산: 119-182 ppm; 성산지구:111-209 ppm)과 완만한 부의 기울기는 열수변질작용동안 상당한 LREE원소들이 제거되었음을 지시된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Grant : 해남 천열수 금광화대 및 열수변질 점토광화대 확보를 위한 전주기 기술개발

Supported by : 한국지질자원연구원

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