Journal of Communications and Networks

  • 제13권2호
  • /
  • Pages.113-124
  • /
  • 2011
  • /
  • 1229-2370(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1976-5541(eISSN)
한국통신학회 (The Korean Institute of Commucations and Information Sciences)
권호 표지

Wireless Three-Pad ECG System: Challenges, Design, and Evaluations

  • Cao, Huasong (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia) ;
  • Li, Haoming (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia) ;
  • Stocco, Leo (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia) ;
  • Leung, Victor C.M. (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia)
  • 투고 : 2010.10.11
  • 발행 : 2011.04.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Electrocardiography (ECG) is a widely accepted approach for monitoring of cardiac activity and clinical diagnosis of heart diseases. Since cardiologists have been well-trained to accept 12-lead ECG information, a huge number of ECG systems are using such number of electrodes and placement configuration to facilitate fast interpretation. Our goal is to design a wireless ECG system which renders conventional 12-lead ECG information.We propose the three-pad ECG system (W3ECG). W3ECG furthers the pad design idea of the single-pad approach. Signals obtained from these three pads, plus their placement information, make it possible to synthesize conventional 12-lead ECG signals.We provide one example of pad placement and evaluate its performance by examining ECG data of four patients available from online database. Feasibility test of our selected pad placement positions show comparable results with respect to the EASI lead system. Experimental results also exhibit high correlations between synthesized and directly observed 12-lead signals (9 out of 12 cross-correlation coefficients higher than 0.75).

키워드

참고문헌

  1. J. G. Webster, Medical Instrumentation: Application and Design. 3rd ed, Wiley, 1997.
  2. J. W. Hurst, "Naming of the waves in the ECG, with a brief account of their genesis," Circulation Research, vol. 98, pp. 1937-1942, 1998. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.98.18.1937
  3. R. Hoekema, G. J. H. Uijen, and A. van Oosterom, "On selecting a body surface mapping procedure," J. Electrocardiology, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 93-101, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0736(99)90088-2
  4. D. D. Finlay, C. D. Nugent, J. G. Kellett, M. P. Donnelly, P. J. McCullagh, and N. D. Black, "Synthesising the 12-lead electrocardiogram: Trends and challenges," European J. Internal Medicine, vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 566-570, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2007.04.011
  5. D. D. Finlay, C. D. Nugent, P. J.McCullagh, and N. D. Black, "Mining for diagnostic information in body surface potential maps: A comparison of feature selection techniques," Biomed. Eng. OnLine, vol. 4, 2005.
  6. B. Khaddoumi, H. Rix, O. Meste, M. Fereniec, and R. Maniewski, "Body surface ECG signal shape dispersion," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 53, pp. 2491-2500, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2006.881785
  7. B. M. Horacek, J. W. Warren, C. J. Penney, R. S. MacLeod, L. M. Title, M. J. Gardner, and C. L. Feldman, "Optimal electrocardiographic leads for detecting acute myocardial ischemia," J. Electrocardiology, vol. 34, pp. 97-111, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1054/jelc.2001.28844
  8. G. E.Mailloux and R.M. Gulraajani, "Theoretical evaluation of theMcFee and Frank vectorcardiographic lead systems using a numerical inhomogeneous Torso model," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 29, pp. 322-332, 1982.
  9. B. M. Horacek, J. W. Warren, D. Q. Feild, and C. L. Feldman, "Statistical and deterministic approaches to designing transformations of electrocardiographic leads," J. Electrocardiology, vol. 35, pp. 41-52, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1054/jelc.2002.37154
  10. M.C. Munshi, X. Xu, X. Zou, E. Soetiono, C. S. Teo, and Y. Lian, "Wireless ECG plaster for body sensor network," in Proc. BSN in ISSS-MDBS, 2008.
  11. IMEC. [Online]. Available: http://www.imec.be
  12. "Wireless medical diagnosis and monitoring equipment," U.S. Patent 6,577,893, 2003.
  13. E. Frank, "General theory of heart-vector projection," Circulation Research, vol. 2, pp. 258-270, 1954. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.2.3.258
  14. C. Levkov, "Derived 12 channel electrocardiogram from 4 channel holter electrocardiogram," in Proc. XI Int. Sci. Appl. Conf., 2002.
  15. D. Q. Feild, C. L. Feldman, and B. M. Horacek, "Improved EASI coefficients: their derivation, values, and performance," J. Electrocardiology, vol. 35, pp. 23-33, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1054/jelc.2002.37151
  16. H. Cao, V.C.M. Leung, C. Chow, and H.C.B. Chan, "Enabling technologies for wireless body area networks: A survey and outlook," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 47, pp. 84-93, 2009.
  17. IEEE Computer Society, "802.15.4-2006 IEEE standard for information technology-telecommunications and information exchange between systems-local and metropolitan area networks-specific requirements part 15.4: Wireless medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications for low-rate wireless personal area networks (WPANs)," Std.
  18. N. Golmie, D. Cypher, and O. Rebala, "Performance analysis of low rate wireless technologies for medical applications," Comput. Commun., vol. 28, pp. 1266-1275, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2004.07.021
  19. H. Cao, X. Liang, I. Balasingham, and V. C. M. Leung, "Performance analysis of ZigBee technology for wireless body area sensor networks," in Proc. ASIT, 2009.
  20. H. Cao, S. Gonzalez-Valenzuela, and V. C. M. Leung, "Employing IEEE 802.15.4 for quality of service provisioning in wireless body area sensor networks," in Proc. IEEE AINA, 2010.
  21. A. Milenkovic, C. Otto, and E. Jovanov, "Wireless sensor networks for personal health monitoring: Issues and an implementation," Comput. Commun., vol. 29, pp. 13-14, 2006.
  22. S. Yoo, D. Kim, M. Pham, Y. Doh, E. Choi, and J. Huh, "Scheduling support for guaranteed time services in IEEE 802.15.4 low rate WPAN," in Proc. IEEE RTCSA, 2005.
  23. J. H. Hauer, "TKN15.4: An IEEE 802.15.4 MAC implementation for TinyOS 2," Technical University Berlin, Tech. Rep. TKN-08-003, 2009.
  24. A. Kopke and J. H. Hauer, "TKN15.4: An IEEE 802.15.4 symbol rate timer for TelosB," Technical University Berlin, Tech. Rep. TKN-08-006, 2008.
  25. K. Y. Yazdandoost and K. Sayrafian-Pour, "Channel model for body area network (BAN)," IEEE, Tech. Rep. IEEE P802.15-08-0780-08-0006, 2009.
  26. PhysioNet/CinC challenge 2007 data sets. [Online]. Available: http://www. physionet.org/challenge/2007/data
  27. Texas Instruments. [Online]. Available: http://www.ti.com
  28. M. Corporation, "Tmote Sky: Quick Start Guide," 2006.
  29. H. Cao, H. Li, L. Stocco, and V.C.M. Leung, "Design and evaluation of a novel wireless three-pad ECG system for generating conventional 12-lead signals," in Proc. BodyNets, 2010.
  30. CDC. [Online]. Available: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/bodymeas.htm
  31. TinyOS. [Online]. Available: http://www.tinyos.net.