DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Developing Korean Standard for Nanomaterial Exposure Assessment

  • Lee, Ji-Hyun (Toxicological Research Center, Hoseo University) ;
  • Lee, Jun-Yeob (Toxicological Research Center, Hoseo University) ;
  • Yu, Il-Je (Toxicological Research Center, Hoseo University)
  • Received : 2011.04.08
  • Accepted : 2011.05.04
  • Published : 2011.06.01

Abstract

Nanotechnology is now applied to many industries, resulting in wide range of nanomaterial-containing products, such as electronic components, cosmetic, medicines, vehicles, and home appliances. Nanoparticles can be released throughout the life cycle of nanoproducts, including the manufacture, consumer use, and disposal, thereby involving workers, consumers, and the environment in potential exposure. However, there is no current consensus on the best sampling method for characterizing manufactured-nanoparticle exposure. Therefore, this report aims to provide a standard method for assessing nanoparticle exposure, including the identification of nanoparticle emission, the assessment of worker exposure, and the evaluation of exposure mitigation actions in nanomaterial-handling workplaces or research institutes.

Keywords

References

  1. ASTM E2535-07 (2007). Standard Guide for Handling Unbound Engineered Nanoscale Particles in Occupational Settings, ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA.
  2. BSI PD 6699-2 (2007) Nanotechnologies- Part 2: Guide to safe handling and disposal of manufactured nanomaterials. BSI, London
  3. BSI PD 6699-3 (2010) Nanotechnololgies - Part 3: Guide to assessing airborne exposure in occupational settings relevant to nanomaterials. BSI, London.
  4. European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA). (2009). In: J Kosk-Bienko, editor. Workplace exposure to nanoparticles. EU-OSHA, Spain.
  5. Evans, D.E., Heitbrink, W.A., Slavin, T.J. and Peters, T.M. (2008). Ultrafine and respirable particles in an automotive grey iron foundary. Ann. Occup. Hyg., 52, 9-21.
  6. Han, J.H., Lee, E.J., Lee, J.H., So, K.P., Lee, Y.H., Bae, G.N., Lee, S.B., Ji, J.H., Cho, M.H. and Yu, I.J. (2008). Monitoring multiwalled carbon nanotube exposure in carbon nanotube research facility. Inhal. Toxicol., 20, 741-749. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370801942238
  7. Heitbrink, W.A., Evans, D.E., Peters, T.M. and Slavin, T.J. (2007). The characterization and mapping of very fine particles in an engine machining and assembly facility. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg., 4, 341-351. https://doi.org/10.1080/15459620701290081
  8. ISO TR 12885 (2008). Nanotechnology - Health and Safety Practices in Occupational Settings Relevant to Nanotechnologies. ISO, Geneva.
  9. ISO TR 27628 (2007). Workplace atmospheres - Ultrafine, nanoparticle and nanostructured aerosols - inhalation exposure characterization and assessment, ISO, Geneva.
  10. ISO TS 27687 (2008). Nanotechnologies - Terminology and definitions for nano-objects -Nanoparticle, nanofibre and nanoplate, ISO, Geneva.
  11. ISO TS 80004-1 (2010). Nanotechnologies - Vocabulary - Part 1: Core terms, ISO, Geneva.
  12. KS A 6202 (2009). Guidance to safe handling of manufactured nanomaterials in workplace/industry, Korean Agency for Technology and Standards, Gwacheon, Korea.
  13. Lee, J.H., Kwon, M., Ji, J.H., Ahn, K.H., Han, J.H. and Yu, I.J. (2011). Exposure assessment of workplaces manufacturing nanosized $TiO_2$ and silver. Inhal. Toxicol., 23, 226-236. https://doi.org/10.3109/08958378.2011.562567
  14. Maynard, A.D., Baron, P.A., Foley, M., Shvedova, A.A., Kisin, E.R. and Castranova, V. (2004). Exposure to carbon nanotube material: Aerosol release during the handling of unrefined single-walled carbon nanotube material. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A, 67, 87-107. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287390490253688
  15. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (1999). NIOSH manual of analytical methods, Methods 5040, 7300, 7402. 7404, 9102. Cincinnati, OH.
  16. OECD (2009). Preliminary Analysis of Exposure Measurement and Exposure Mitigation in Occupational Settings: Manufactured Nanomaterials, ENV/JM/MONO(2009)6, OECD, Paris.
  17. OECD (2009). Identification, Compilation and Analysis of Guidance Information for Exposure Measurement and Exposure Mitigation: Manufactured Nanomaterials. ENV/JM/MONO (2009)15, OECD, Paris.
  18. OECD (2009). Emission Assessment for Identification of Sources and Release of Airborne Manufactured Nanomaterials in the Workplace: Compilation of Existing Guidance, ENV/JM/ MONO(2009)16, OECD, Paris.
  19. OECD (2009). Report of an OECD Workshop on Exposure Assessment and Exposure Mitigation: Manufactured Nanomaterials, ENV/JM/MONO(2009)18, OECD, Paris.
  20. OECD (2009). Compilation and Comparison of Guidelines Related to Exposure to Nanomaterials in Laboratories, ENV/JM/MONO(2010)47, OECD, Paris.
  21. Peters, T.M., Heitbrink, W.A., Evans, D.E., Slavin, T.J. and Maynard, A.D. (2006). The mapping of fine and ultrafine particle concentration in an engine machining and assembly facility. Ann. Occup. Hyg., 50, 249-257.

Cited by

  1. Relationships between number, surface area, and mass concentrations of different nanoparticles in workplaces vol.17, pp.8, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5EM00172B
  2. Exposure characteristics of ferric oxide nanoparticles released during activities for manufacturing ferric oxide nanomaterials vol.27, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3109/08958378.2014.1001535
  3. Exposure Characteristics of Particles during the After-treatment Processes of Aluminum Oxide Fibers and Nickel Powders vol.26, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.15269/JKSOEH.2016.26.2.225