참고문헌
- Agca C, WH Klein and JM Venuti. 2009. Respecification of ectoderm and altered nodal expression in sea urchin embryos after cobalt and nickel treatment. Mechanisms of Development 126:430-442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mod.2009.01.005
- Chatterjee J and C Chatterjee. 2000. Phytotoxicity of cobalt, chromium and copper in cauliflower. Environ. Pollut. 109:69-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00238-9
- Crossley DA, ER Blood, PF Hendrix and TR Seastedt. 1995. Turnover of cobalt-60 by earthworms (Eisenia foetida) (Lumbricidae, Oligochaeta). Appl. Soil Ecol. 2:71-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/0929-1393(94)00045-9
- Davidson EH, RA Cameron and A Ransick. 1998. Specification of cell fate in the sea urchin embryo: Summary and some proposed mechanisms. Development 125:3269-3290.
- Fricker LD. 1988. Carboxypeptidase E. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 50:309-321. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.50.030188.001521
- Gottschalk G. 1979. Bacterial metabolism. Spring-Verlag, New York.
- Greenwood PJ. 1983. The influence of an oil dispersant chemserve OSE-DH on the viability of sea urchin gametes. Combined effects of temperature, concentration and exposure time on fertilization. Aqua. Toxicol. 4:15-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-445X(83)90058-9
- Han M, KM Hyun, M Nili, IY Hwang and JK Kim. 2009. Synergistic effects of ionizing radiation and mercury chloride on cell viability in fish hepatoma cells. Korean J. Environ. Biol. 27:140-145.
- Hwang UK, CW Lee, SM Lee, KH An and SY Park. 2008. Effects of salinity and standard toxic metals (Cu, Cd) on fertilization and embryo development rates in the sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus nudus). J. Environ. Sci. 17:775-781.
- Hwang UK, CW Rhee, KS Kim, KH An and SY Park. 2009a. Effects of salinity and standard toxic metals (Cu, Cd) on fertilization and embryo development rates in the sea urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus). J. Environ. Toxicol. 24:9-16.
- Hwang UK, CW Rhee, KS Kim, HC Kim, KH An and SY Park. 2009b. Toxicity assessment of ocean dumping wastes using fertilization and embryo development rates in the sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus nudus). J. Environ. Toxicol. 24:25-32. https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.20388
- Hwang UK, HM Ryu, SG Kim, JS Park and KH An. 2010. Toxicity assessment of ocean dumping wastes using fertilization and embryo development rates in the sea urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus). J. Environ. Toxicol. 25:11-18.
- Kobayashi N. 1973. Studies on the effects of some agents on fertilized sea urchin eggs, as a part of the bases for marine pollution bioassay I. Publ. Seto. Mar. Biol. Lab. 21:109-114.
- Kobayashi N. 1977. Preliminary experiments with sea urchin pluteus and metamorphosis in marine pollution bioassay. Publ. Seto. Mar. Biol. Lab. 24:9-21.
- Kobayashi N. 1981. Comparative toxicity of various chemicals, oil extracts and oil dispersant to Canadian and Japanese sea urchin eggs. Publ. Seto. Mar. Biol. Lab. 27:76-84.
- Kobayashi N. 1995. Bioassay data marine pollution using echinoderms. Encyclpedia of Environmental Control Technology 9:539-609.
- Krauskopf KB and DK Bird. 1995. Introduction to geochemistry. New York: McGraw Hill.
- Lee Y and BM Tebo. 1994. Cobalt (II) oxidation by the marine manganese (II)-oxidizing Bacillus sp. Strain SG-1. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2949-2957.
- Martin JM and M Whitfield. 1983. The significance of river input of chemical elements to the ocean. In Trace Metals in Sea Water. New York. pp. 265-296.
- Monroy A. 1986. A centennial debt of developmental biology to the sea urchin. Biol. Bull. 171:509-519. https://doi.org/10.2307/1541620
- Nagpal NK. 2004. Water quality guidelines for cobalt. Ministry of water, land and air protection, water protection section, water, air and climate change branch, Victoria.
- Pagono G, M Cipollaro, G Corsale, A Esposite, E Ragucciand and GG Giordano. 1985a. Ph-induced changes in mitotic and development patterns in sea urchin embryogenesis, I. Exposure of embryos. Teratogenesis Carcinog Mutagen 5:101-112. https://doi.org/10.1002/tcm.1770050204
- Pagono G, M Cipollaro, G Corsale, A Esposite, E Ragucciand and GG Giordano. 1985b. Ph-induced changes in mitotic and development patterns in sea urchin embryogenesis, II. Exposure of sperm. Teratogenesis Carcinog Mutagen 5:113-121. https://doi.org/10.1002/tcm.1770050205
- Palit S, A Sharma and G Talukder. 1994. Effects of cobalt on plants. Bot. Rev. 60:149-181. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02856575
-
Pan P and NJ Susak. 1991. The speciation of cobalt in seawater and freshwater at 25
${^{\circ}C}$ . Geochem. J. 25:411-420. https://doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.25.411 - Phillips DJH and DA Segar. 1986. Use of bioindicators in monitoring conservative contaminants: programme design imparatives. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 17:10. https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(86)90797-6
- Smith IC and BL Carson. 1981. Trace metals in the environment. Cobalt, vol. 6. Ann Arbor: Ann Arbor Science Publ. Inc.
- Szakmary E, G Ungvary, A Hudak, E Tatrai, M Naray and V Morvai. 2001. Effects of cobalt sulfate on prenatal development of mice, rats, and rabbits, and on early postnatal development of rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A. 62:367-386. https://doi.org/10.1080/152873901300018110
- Wui IS, JB Lee and SH Yoo. 1992. Bioassay on marine sediment pollution by using sea urchin embryo culture in the southwest inland sea of Korean. J. Environ. Biol. 10:92-99.
- Xue X, W Xia, L Yan, W Yonghua and W Yuan. 2011. Acute toxicity and synergism of binary mixtures of antifouling biocides with heavy metals to embryos of sea urchin glyptocidaris crenularis. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 30:1009-1021. https://doi.org/10.1177/0960327110385958
- Yu CM. 1998. A study on the effect of heavy metals on embryos formation of sea urchins. Kor. J. Env. Hlth. Soc. 24:6-10.