Journal of the Korean Geographical Society (대한지리학회지)

The Korean Geographical Society (대한지리학회)
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Growth Pattern and Spatial Distribution of One-person Households by Socio-Economic Demographic Characteristicsc

1인 가구의 인구.경제.사회학적 특성에 따른 성장패턴과 공간분포

  • Lee, Hee-Yeon (Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University) ;
  • Noh, Seung-Chul (Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University) ;
  • Choi, Eun-Young (Statistical Research Institute)
  • Received : 2011.05.21
  • Accepted : 2011.08.19
  • Published : 2011.08.31
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Abstract

This paper aims to describe the rapid growth of the one-person households in terms of the socio-economic demographic perspectives during the period of 1995-2005 and to analyze the spatial distribution patterns based on different characteristics of one-person households. The increase in the divorce ratio in the middle-aged, the growth of unmarried people the young generation, and the increase of life expectancy in the old generation are explanatory factors for the rise and diversification of one-person households in Korea. The rapid increase of one-person households is accompanied by a diversification in their age, gender, marital status, education level. Uneven distribution of one-person households depends on their age, level of education and dwelling type. Highly educated young adults residing in their own apartment are generally concentrated in major cities, whereas senior citizen with their own single house who lives alone are mostly in rural area. One-person households of the highly educated young adults are significantly polarized in the light of their the living standards. In particular, metropolitan area or big cities are mixed with those who have their own apartment and are financially capacity and with those who rent in a detached single house. As such, one-person households have considerably heterogeneous characteristics. Therefore, each local government will face different economic and social problems based on which group of one-person households are increasing and where they are concentrated in. To this extent, the local government should have differentiated welfare policy according to its own respect.

본 연구는 지난 10년(1995-2005년)동안 급증하고 있는 1인가구의 인구 경제 사회학적 특성에 따른 성장패턴을 기술하고, 1인가구의 다양한 특성에 따른 공간분포 특성을 분석하는데 목적을 두었다. 1인가구의 증가는 젊은 층의 결혼 지연과 독신, 중년층의 이혼율 증가와 노령화에 따른 독거노인의 증가가 복합적으로 작용하였다. 1인가구의 성별, 연령별, 혼인상태별, 교육수준에 따라 상당히 차별적인 1인가구의 성장 패턴을 보이고 있다. 1인가구의 연령, 학력, 주택소유 및 주택유형을 기준으로 하여 이들의 공간분포 패턴을 비교해보면 매우 대조적이고 불균등하게 나타나고 있다. 교육수준이 높고 자가 아파트에 거주하는 젊은 싱글족은 소수의 대도시에 집중해있는 반면에 교육수준이 낮고 단독주택을 소유하고 있는 독거노인들은 주로 농촌에 거주하고 있다. 또한 고학력의 젊은 연령층의 경우 경제적 상황에 따른 양극화 현상이 두드러지게 나타나고 있다. 특히 광역시나 대도시에는 아파트를 소유하면서 경제적으로 여유있는 삶을 살고 있는 그룹과 월세로 단독주택에 거주하는 그룹이 혼재되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 1인가구들도 상당히 이질적인 특성을 갖고 있기 때문에 어떤 그룹에 속하고 있는 1인가구가 증가하고 있으며, 또 집중분포되어 있는가에 따라서 해당 지자체가 직면하게 되는 경제 사회적 문제는 상당히 다를 것이며, 이에 따른 사회복지정책도 차별화되어야 할 것이다.

Keywords

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