Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

The Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (대한구강악안면외과학회)
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Cancer stem cell theory and update in oral squamous cell carcinoma

구강 편평세포암종에서의 암줄기세포 이론과 최신 지견

  • Kim, Deok-Hun (Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Yun, Jun-Yong (Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Ju-Hyun (Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Soung-Min (Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University) ;
  • Myoung, Hoon (Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University)
  • 김덕훈 (서울대학교 치의학대학원 치의학과 구강악안면외과학교실) ;
  • 윤준용 (서울대학교 치의학대학원 치의학과 구강악안면외과학교실) ;
  • 이주현 (서울대학교 치의학대학원 치의학과 구강악안면외과학교실) ;
  • 김성민 (서울대학교 치의학대학원 치의학과 구강악안면외과학교실) ;
  • 명훈 (서울대학교 치의학대학원 치의학과 구강악안면외과학교실)
  • Received : 2010.12.10
  • Accepted : 2011.04.13
  • Published : 2011.04.29
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Abstract

Cancer stem cells have stem cell-like features, such as the ability for self-renewal and differentiation but show unlimited growth because they have the lost normal regulation of cell growth. Cancer stem cells and normal stem cells have similar features. They show high motility, diversity of progeny, robust proliferative potential, association with blood vessels, immature expression profiles, nestin expression, epidermal growth factor (EGF)-receptor expression, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression, hedgehog pathway activity, telomerase activity, and Wnt pathway activity. On the other hand, with cancer cells, some of these signaling pathways are abnormally modified. In 1875, Cohnheim suggested the concept of cancer stem cells. Recently, evidence for the existence of cancer stem cells was identified. In 1994, the cancer stem cells' specific cell surface marker for leukemia was identified. Since then, other specific cell surface markers for cancer stem cells in solid tumors (e.g. breast and colon cancer) have been identified. In oral cancer, studies on cancer stem cells have been performed mainly with squamous cell carcinomas. Oral cancer specific cell surface markers, which are genes strongly expressed in oral cancer and cancer stem cell specific side populations, have been identified. Cancer stem cells are resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Therefore, to eliminate malignant tumors efficiently and reduce the recurrence rate, therapy targeting cancer stem cells needs to be performed. Currently, studies targeting the cancer stem cells' specific signaling pathways, telomerase and tumor vasculatures are being done.

Keywords

References

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