Korean Journal of Community Nutrition (대한지역사회영양학회지)

The Korean Society of Community Nutrition (대한지역사회영양학회)
권호 표지

Comparison of Serum Insulin, Leptin, Adiponectin and High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels according to Body Mass Index and their Associations in Adult Women

비만도에 따른 성인 여성의 혈청 인슐린, 렙틴, 아디포넥틴 및 hs-CRP 농도 비교와 상호 관련성

  • Lee, Mi-Young (Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University) ;
  • Kim, Jung-Hee (Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University)
  • 이미영 (서울여자대학교 자연과학대학 식품영양학전공) ;
  • 김정희 (서울여자대학교 자연과학대학 식품영양학전공)
  • Received : 2011.01.17
  • Accepted : 2011.02.08
  • Published : 2011.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Obesity is characterized by increased storage of fatty acids in an adipose tissue and closely associated with the development of insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) through secretion of adipokines. This study was done to compare serum insulin, leptin, adiponectin and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels according to body masss index (BMI) in Korean adult women aged 19 to 50. In addition, we examined the association of BMI, serum lipids and Homa-IR with serum adiponectin, leptin and hs-CRP levels. The subjects were divided into 3 groups by their BMI, normal weight (BMI ${\leq}$ 22.9, n = 30), overweight (23.0 ${\leq}$ BMI ${\leq}$ 24.9, n = 71) and obese group (25.0 ${\leq}$ BMI, n = 59). Serum levels of total-cholesterol, TG, and LDL-cholesterol were significantly higher in obese group than in normal weight group. LDL/HDL ratio and AI were significantly higher in obese group than in normal or overweight group. Fasting serum levels of glucose and insulin and Homa-IR as a marker of insulin resistance were significantly higher in obese group than in overweight group. Serum leptin level was significantly higher in obese group while serum adiponectin level was significantly lower in obese group compared to other two groups. hs-CRP was significantly increased in obese group. Correlation data show that serum adiponectin level was positively correlated with serum HDLcholesterol level and was negatively correlated with BMI, WC, TG, LDL-cholesterol, Homa-IR, hs-CRP and leptin. In addition, serum leptin level was positively correlated with BMI, WC, glucose, insulin, Homa-IR and hs-CRP. These results might imply that the regulation of key adipokines such as adiponectin might be a strategy for the prevention or treatment of obesity-associated diseases such as diabetes and CVD.

Keywords

References

  1. Abbasi F, Chang SA, Chu JW, Ciaraldi TP, Lamendola C, McLaughlin T, Reaven GM, Reaven PD (2006) : Improvements in insulin resistance with weight loss, in contrast to rosiglitazone, are not associated with changes in plasma adiponectin or adiponectin multimeric complexes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 290(1): 139-144 https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00287.2005
  2. Adamczak M, Wiecek A, Funahashi T, Chudek J, Kokot F, Matsuzawa Y (2003): Decreased plasma adiponectin concentration in patients with essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 16(1):72-75 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-7061(02)03197-7
  3. Ahn GH, Kim SH, Yoo EG (2008): The relationship between leptin adiponectin ratio and insulin resistance in healthy children. Korean J Pediatr 51(3): 256-261 https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2008.51.3.256
  4. Bastard JP, Maachi M, Lagathu C, Kim MJ, Caron M, Vidal H, Capeau J, Feve B (2006): Recent advances in the relationship between obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Eur Cytokine Netw 17(1): 4-12
  5. Berg AH, Combs TP, Du X, Brownlee M, Scherer PE (2001): The adipocyte-secreted protein Acrp30 enhances hepatic insulin action. Nat Med 7(8): 947-953 https://doi.org/10.1038/90992
  6. Choi KM, Lee J, Lee KW, Seo JA, Oh JH, Kim SG, Kim NH, Choi DS, Baik SH (2004): Serum adiponectin concentrations predict the developments of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome in elderly Koreans. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 61(1): 75-80
  7. Clement K, Vaisse C, Lahlou N (1998): A mutation in the human leptin receptor gene causes obesity and pituitary dysfunction. Nature 392(10): 398-401 https://doi.org/10.1038/32911
  8. Considine RV, Sinha MK, Heiman ML, Kriauciunas A, Stephens TW, Nyce MR (1996): Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans. N Engl J Med 334(5): 292-295 https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199602013340503
  9. Corbetta S, Bulfamante G, Cortelazzi D, Barresi V, Cetin I, Mantovani G, Bondioni S, Beck-Peccoz P, Spada A (2005): Adiponectin expression in human fetal tissues during mid- and late gestation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90(4): 2397-2402 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-1553
  10. Diez JJ, Iglesias P (2003): The role of the novel adipocytederived hormone adiponectin in human disease. Eur J Endocrinol 148(3): 293-300 https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1480293
  11. Engeli S, Feldpausch M, Gorzelniak K, Hartwig F, Heintze U, Janke J, Mohlig M, Pfeiffer AF, Luft FC, Sharma AM (2003): Association between adiponectin and mediators of inflammation in obese women. Diabetes 52(4): 942-947 https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.4.942
  12. Fasshauer M, Paschke R (2003): Regulation of adipocytokines and insulin resistance. Diabetologia 46(12): 1594-1603 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-003-1228-z
  13. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS (1972): Estimation of concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 18(6): 499-502
  14. Funahashi T, Nakamura T, Shimomura I, Maeda K, Kuriyama H, Takahashi M, Arita Y, Kihara S, Matsuzawa Y (1999): Role of adipocytokines on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in visceral obesity. Intern Med 38(2): 202-206 https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.38.202
  15. Gannage-Yared MH, Khalife S, Semaan M, Fares F, Jambert S, Halaby G (2006): Serum adiponectin and leptin levels in relation to the metabolic syndrome, androgenic profile and somatotropic axis in healthy non-diabetic elderly men. Eur J Endocrinol 155: 167-176 https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02175
  16. Galic S, Oakhill JS, Steinberg GR (2010): Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Mol Cell Endocrinol 316: 129-139 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2009.08.018
  17. Heymsfield SB, Greenberg AS, Fujioka K, Dixon RM, Kuschner R, Hunt T, Lubina JA, Patane J, Self B, Hunt P, McCamish M (1999): Recombinant leptin for weight loss in obese and lean adults: a randomized, controllrd, dose-escalation trial. JAMA 282: 1568-1575 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.282.16.1568
  18. Hotta K, Funahashi T, Arita Y, Takahashi M, Matsuda M, Okamoto Y, Iwahashi H, Kuriyama H, Ouchi N, Maeda K, Nishida M, Kihara S, Sakai N, Nakajima T, Hasegawa K, Muraguchi M, Ohmoto Y, Nakamura T, Yamashita S, Hanafusa T, Matsuzawa Y (2000): Plasma concentration of a novel adipose specific protein adiponectin in type 2 diabetic patients. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20(6): 1595-1599 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.20.6.1595
  19. Hotta K, Funahashi T, Bodkin NL, Ortmeyer HK, Arita Y, Hansen BC, Matsuzawa Y (2001): Circulating concentrations of the adipocyte protein adiponectin are decreased in parallel with reduced insulin sensitivity during the progression to type 2 diabetes in rhesus monkeys. Diabetes 50(5): 1126-1133 https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.5.1126
  20. Hsueh WA, Buchanan TA (1994): Obesity and hypertension. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 23(2): 405-427
  21. Hulthe J, Hulten LM, Fagerberg B (2003): Low adipocytederived plasma protein adiponectin concentrations are associated with the metabolic syndrome and small dense low-density lipoprotein particles: atherosclerosis and insulin resistance study. Metabolism 52(12): 1612-1614 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0026-0495(03)00313-5
  22. Hulver MW, Zheng D, Tanner CJ, Houmard JA, Kraus WE, Slentz CA, Sinha MK, Pories WJ, MacDonald KG, Dohm GL (2002): Adiponectin is not altered with exercise training despite enhanced insulin action. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 283(4): 861-865 https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00150.2002
  23. Iwashima Y, Katsuya T, Ishikawa K, Ouchi N, Ohishi M, Sugimoto K, Fu Y, Motone M, Yamamoto K, Matsuo A, Ohashi K, Kihara S, Funahashi T, Rakugi H, Matsuzawa Y, Ogihara T (2004): Hypoadiponectinemia is an independent risk factor for hypertension. Hypertension 43(6): 1318-1323 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000129281.03801.4b
  24. Jo HS, Baek YH (2006): Effects of combined exercise and green tea intake on body weight and adiponectin in obese high school children. Korean J Life Science 16(6): 972-977 https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2006.16.6.972
  25. Kadowaki T, Yamauchi T (2005): Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors. Endocrine Reviews 26(3): 439-451 https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2005-0005
  26. Kappes A, Loffler G (2000): Influences of ionomycin, dibutyrylcyclo AMP and tumor necrosis factor-alpha on intracellular amount and secretion of apM1 in differentiating primary human preadipocytes. Horm Metab Res 32(11): 548-554 https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-978684
  27. Kim JI (2010): The association between hs-CRP concentration of blood and metabolic syndrome in the residents of rural community. Korean J Community Nutr 15(6): 796-805
  28. Kim JY, Shin HW, Jeong IK, Cho SW, Min SJ, Lee SJ, Park CY, Oh KW, Kim HK, Kim DM, Yu JM, Ihm SH, Choi MG, Yoo HJ, Park SW (2005): The relationship of adiponectin, leptin and ghrelin to insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in human obesity. Korean J Med 69(6): 631-641
  29. Koner A, Kratzsch J, Gausche R, Schaab M, Erbs S, Kiess W (2007): New predictors of the metabolic syndrome in children role of adipocytokines. Pediatr Res 61(6): 640-645 https://doi.org/10.1203/01.pdr.0000262638.48304.ef
  30. Kumada M, Kihara S, Sumitsuji S, Kawamoto T, Matsumoto S, Ouchi N, Arita Y, Okamoto Y, Shimomura I, Hiraoka H, Nakamura T, Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y (2003): Association of hypoadiponectinemia with coronary artery disease in men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23(1): 85-89 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000048856.22331.50
  31. Lee MY, Kim JH (2010): Association of serum lipids and dietary intakes with serum adiponectin level in overweight and obese Korean Women. Korean J Community Nutr 15(1): 27-35
  32. Mallamaci F, Zoccali C, Cuzzola F, Tripepi G, Cutrupi S, Parlongo S, Tanaka S, Ouchi N, Kihara S, Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y (2002): Adiponectin in essential hypertension. J Nephrol 15(5): 507-511
  33. Mantzoros CS, Williams CJ, Manson JE, Meigs JB, Hu FB (2006): Adherence to the mediterranean dietary pattern is positively associated with plasma adiponectin concentrations in diabetic women. Am J Clin Nutr 84(2): 328-335
  34. Matsubara M, Maruoka S, Katayose S (2002): Decreased plasma adiponectin concentrations in women with dyslipidemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87(6): 2764-3769 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.87.6.2764
  35. Matsuzawa Y, Funahashi T, Kihara S, Shimomura I (2004): Adiponectin and metabolic syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24(1): 29-33 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000099786.99623.EF
  36. Matsuzawa Y (2010): Establishment of a concept of visceral fat syndrome and discovery of adiponectin. Proc Jpn Acad 86: 131-140
  37. Mattews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC (1985): Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 28(7): 412-419 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00280883
  38. Ministry of Health and Welfare (2008): 2007 National health and nutrition survey report
  39. Ministry of Health and Welfare (2009): 2008 National health and nutrition survey report
  40. Motoshima H, Wu X, Sinha MK, Hardy VE, Rosato EL, Barbot DJ, Rosato FE, Goldstein BJ (2002): Differential regulation of adiponectin secretion from cultured human omental and subcutaneous adipocytes: effects of insulin and rosiglitazone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87(12): 5662-5667 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2002-020635
  41. Muoio DM, Dohm GL (2002): Peripheral metabolic actions of leptin. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 16(4): 653-66 https://doi.org/10.1053/beem.2002.0223
  42. Ohashi K, Kihara S, Ouchi N, Kumada M, Fujita K, Hiuge A, Hibuse T, Ryo M, Nishizawa H, Maeda N, Maeda K, Shibata R, Walsh K, Funahashi T, Shimomura I (2006): Adiponectin replenishment ameliorates obesity-related hypertension. Hypertension 47(6): 1108-1116 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.0000222368.43759.a1
  43. Ouchi N, Kihara S, Arita Y, Okamoto Y, Maeda K, Kuriyama H, Hotta K, Nishida M, Takahashi M, Muraguchi M, Ohmoto Y, Nakamura T, Yamashita S, Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y (2000): Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived plasma protein, inhibits endothelial NF-kappaB signaling through a cAMP-dependent pathway. Circulation 314(2): 1296-1301
  44. Pearson TA, Mensah GA, Alexander RW, Anderson JL, Cannon RO, Criqui M (2003): Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: Application to clinical and public health practice:A statement for healthcare professionals from the centers for disease control and prevention and the American heart association. Circulation 107(3): 499-511 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000052939.59093.45
  45. Pi-Sunyer FX (1993): Medical hazards of oesity. Ann Intern Med 119(2): 655-660 https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-7_Part_2-199310011-00006
  46. Rahmouni K, Haynes WG (2004): Leptin and the cardiovascular system. Recent Prog Horm Res 59(1): 225-244 https://doi.org/10.1210/rp.59.1.225
  47. Ridker PM, Buring JE, Cook NR, Rifai N (2003): C-reactive protein, the metabolic syndrome, and risk of incident cardiovascular events: an 8-year follow-up of 14719 initially healthy American women. Circulation 107(3): 391-397 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000055014.62083.05
  48. Ryo M, Nakamura T, Kihara S, Kumada M, Shibazaki S, Takahashi M, Nagai M, Matsuzawa Y, Funahashi T (2004): Adiponectin as a biomarker of the metabolic syndrome. Circ J 68(11): 975-981 https://doi.org/10.1253/circj.68.975
  49. Galic S, Oakhilla JS, Steinberga GR (2010): Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Mol Cell Endocrinol 316(2): 129-139 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2009.08.018
  50. Steinberg GR, Dyck DJ (2000): Development of leptin resistance in rat doleus muscle in ewsponse to high-fat diets. Am J Physiol 279: E1374-E1382
  51. Steinberg GR, Parolin MI, Higenhauser GJ, Dyck DJ (2002): leptin increase FA oxidation in lean but not obese human skeletal muscle: evidence of peripheral leptin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 283: E187-E192 https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00542.2001
  52. Steinberg GR, Smith AC, van Denderen BJW, Chen Z, Murthy S, Campbell DJ, Heigenhauser GJF, Dyck DJ, Kemp BE (2004): AMP-activated protein kinase is not down-regulated in human skeletal muscle of obese females. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89: 4575-4580 https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-0308
  53. Vettor R, Milan G, Rossato M, Federspil G (2005): Review article: adipocytokines and insulin resistance. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 22(2): 3-10 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02587.x
  54. Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Saris WH, Hukshorn CJ, Campfield LA (2001): Effects of weekly administration opegylated recombinant human Ob protein on appetite profile and energy metabolism in obese men. Am J Clin Nutr 74: 426-434 https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/74.4.426
  55. World Health Organization (1998): Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic-report of a who consultation on obesity. pp.7-12, Geneva
  56. Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Waki H, Terauchi Y, Kubota N, Hara K, Mori Y, Ide T, Murakami K, Tsuboyama-Kasaoka N, Ezaki O, Akanuma Y, Gavrilova O, Vinson C, Reitman Ml, Kagechika H, Shudo K, Yoda M, Nakano Y, Tobe K, Nagai R, Kimura S, Tomita M, Froguel P, Kadowaki T (2001): The fat derived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity. Nat Med 7(8): 941-946 https://doi.org/10.1038/90984
  57. Yatagai T, Nagasaka S, Taniguchi A, Fukushima M, Nakamura T, Kuroe A, Nakai Y, Ishibashi S (2003): Hypoadiponectinemia is associated with visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance in Japanese men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism 52(10): 1274-1278 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0026-0495(03)00195-1