Computers and Concrete

  • 제8권2호
  • /
  • Pages.177-192
  • /
  • 2011
  • /
  • 1598-8198(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1598-818X(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Enhanced mass balance Tafel slope model for computer based FEM computation of corrosion rate of steel reinforced concrete coupled with CO2 transport

  • Hussain, Raja Rizwan (Center of Excellence for Concrete Research, Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University Riyadh)
  • 투고 : 2009.10.12
  • 심사 : 2010.09.10
  • 발행 : 2011.04.25
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

This research paper aims at computer based modeling of carbonation induced corrosion under extreme conditions and its experimental verification by incorporating enhanced electrochemical and mass balance equations based on thermo-hygro physics with strong coupling of mass transport and equilibrium in micro-pore structure of carbonated concrete for which the previous research data is limited. In this paper the carbonation induced electrochemical corrosion model is developed and coupled with carbon dioxide transport computational model by the use of a concrete durability computer based model DuCOM developed by our research group at concrete laboratory in the University of Tokyo and its reliability is checked in the light of experiment results of carbonation induced corrosion mass loss obtained in this research. The comparison of model analysis and experiment results shows a fair agreement. The carbonation induced corrosion model computation reasonably predicts the quantitative behavior of corrosion rate for normal air dry relative humidity conditions. The computational model developed also shows fair qualitative corrosion rate simulation and analysis for various pH levels and coupled environmental actions of chloride and carbonation. Detailed verification of the model for the quantitative carbonation induced corrosion rate computation under varying relative conditions, different pH levels and combined effects of carbonation and chloride attack remain as scope for future research.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Aperador, W., Mejia de Gutierrez, R. and Bastidas, D.M. (2009), "Steel corrosion behaviour in carbonated alkaliactivated slag concrete", Corros. Sci., 51, 2027-2033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2009.05.033
  2. ASTM C 876-91 (2009), Standard test method for half-cell potentials of uncoated reinforcing steel in concrete, ASTM, U.S.A.
  3. ASTM G1-03 (2009), Standard test practice for evaluating corrosion test, ASTM, U.S.A.
  4. Bertolini, L., Carsana, M. and Redaelli, E. (2008), "Conservation of historical reinforced concrete structures damaged by carbonation induced corrosion by means of electrochemical realkalisation", J. Cult. Herit., 9(4), 376-385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2008.01.006
  5. Bertolini, L., Elsener, B., Pedeferri, P. and Podler, R. (2000), Corrosion of steel in concrete WiLey-VCH GmbH & Co. KGaA.
  6. Conciatori, D., Laferriere, F. and Brühwiler, E. (2009), "Comprehensive modeling of chloride ion and water ingress into concrete considering thermal and carbonation state for real climate", Cement Concrete Res. (in press)
  7. Cusack, N.E. (1987), The physics of structurally disordered matter, Bristol edition.
  8. Ehl, R.G. and Ihde, A.J. (1954). "Faraday's electrochemical laws and the determination of equivalent weights", J. Chem. Educat., 31, 226-232. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed031p226
  9. Farina, S.B. and Duffo, G.S. (2007), "Corrosion of zinc in simulated carbonated concrete pore solutions", Electrochimica Acta, 52(16), 5131-5139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.01.014
  10. Haber, F. and Klemensiewicz, Z. (1909), "Uber electrischie phasengrenzrafte", Phys. Chem., 67, 385.
  11. Hamada, M. (1969), "Concrete carbonation and steel corrosion", Cement Concrete, 272, 2-18.
  12. Hussain, R.R. and Ishida, T. (2007), "Modeling of corrosion in RC structures under variable chloride environment based on thermodynamic electro-chemical approach", J. SSMS, Japan, SMS07-106/2007, 3, 104-113. (Best paper award for the last four years 2005-2009. online: http://management.kochi-tech.ac.jp/society_approve.php)
  13. Ishida, T. and Maekawa, K. (2000), "An integrated computational system for mass/energy generation, transport, and mechanics of materials and structures", Concrete Library JSCE, 36, 129-144.
  14. Ishida, T. and Maekawa, K. (2000), "Modeling of pH profile in pore water based on mass transport and chemical equilibrium theory", Proceedings of JSCE, 648/V-47. (in Japanese)
  15. Kishi, T. and Maekawa, K. (1996), "Multi-component model for hydration heating of Portland cement", Concrete Library JSCE, 28, 97-115.
  16. Kobayashi, K. and Syutto, K. (1986), "Diffusivity of oxygen in cementitious materials", Concrete Eng., 24(12), 91-106. https://doi.org/10.3151/coj1975.24.12_91
  17. Kubo, J., Sawada, S., Page, C.L. and Page, M.M. (2007), "Electrochemical injection of organic corrosion inhibitors into carbonated cementitious materials: Part 2. Mathematical modeling", Corros. Sci., 49(3), 1205-1227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2006.06.015
  18. Kulakowski, M.P., Pereira, F.M. and Molin, D.C. (2009), "Carbonation-induced reinforcement corrosion in silica fume concrete", Constr. Build. Mater., 23(3), 1189-1195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.08.005
  19. Kunii, T. and Hurusaki, S. (1980), The theory on transfer rate, Bai-hu Kan press.
  20. Kwon, S.J. and Song, H.W. (2010), "Analysis of carbonation behavior in concrete using neural network algorithm and carbonation modeling", Cement Concrete Res., 40(1), 119-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.08.022
  21. Maekawa, K., Ishida, T. and Kishi, T. (2003), "Multi-scale modeling of concrete performance", J. Adv. Concrete Tech., 1(2), 91-126. https://doi.org/10.3151/jact.1.91
  22. Maekawa, K., Kishi, T. and Chaube, R.P. (1999), Modelling of concrete performance, E & FN SPON.
  23. Marques, P.F. and Costa, A. (2010), "Service life of RC structures: carbonation induced corrosion. prescriptive vs. performance-based methodologies", Constr. Build. Mater., 24(3), 258-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.08.039
  24. Matsumoto, Y., Ueki, H., Yamasaki, T. and Murakami, M. (1998), "Model analysis on carbonation reaction with redissolution of $CaCO_{3}$", JCI, 20(2), 961-966.
  25. Nagataki, S., Ohga, H. and Saeki, T (1987), "Analytical prediction of carbonation depth", Ann. Report Cement Technol., 41, 343-346.
  26. Nernst, W.H. (1889), Nernst equation, Online: http://chem.ch.huji.ac.il/history/nernst_equation.htm, cited on 30th July, 2009.
  27. Osada, M., Ueki, H., Yamasaki, T. and Murakami, M. (1997), "Simulation analysis on carbonation reaction of concrete members taking alkali element into consideration", Proceedings of JCI, 19(1), 793-798.
  28. Papadakis, V.G., Vayenas, C.G. and Fardis, M.N. (1991), "Fundamental modeling and experimental investigation of concrete carbonation", ACI Mater. J., 88(4), 363-373.
  29. Pourbaix, M. (1963), Pourbaix diagrams, Online http://corrosion-doctors.org/Biographies/PourbaixBio.htm, cited on 30 July 2009.
  30. Saeki, T., Ohga, H. and Nagataki, S. (1991), "Mechanism of carbonation and prediction of carbonation process of concrete", Concrete Library JSCE, 17, 23-36.
  31. Saetta, A.V. and Vitaliani, R.V. (2005), "Experimental investigation and numerical modeling of carbonation process in reinforced concrete structures: Part II. Practical applications", Cement Concrete Res., 35(5), 958-967.
  32. Saetta, A.V., Schrefler, B.A. and Vitaliani, R.V. (1993), "The carbonation of concrete and the mechanisms of moisture, heat and carbon dioxide flow through porous materials", Cement Concrete Res., 23, 761-772. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(93)90030-D
  33. Sakai, E. (1993), Carbonation reaction, Cement chemistry, 105-112, Japan Cement Association.
  34. Steffens, A. Dinkler, D. and Ahrens, H. (2002), "Modeling carbonation for corrosion risk prediction of concrete structures", Cement Concrete Res., 32(6), 935-941. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00728-7
  35. Tanano, H. and Masuda, Y. (1991), "Mathematical model on progress of carbonation of concrete", Proceedings of JCI, 13(1), 621-622.
  36. Uomoto, T. and Takada, Y. (1993), "Factors affecting concrete carbonation ratio", Concrete Library JSCE, 21, 31-44.
  37. Valcarce, M.B. and Vazquez, M. (2009), "Carbon steel passivity examined in solutions with a low degree of carbonation: the effect of chloride and nitrite ions", Mater. Chem. Phys., 115(1), 313-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2008.12.007
  38. Vladimir, Z. (2003), "Corrosion of reinforcement induced by environment containing chloride and carbon dioxide", Bull. Mater. Sci., 26(6), 605-608. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02704323
  39. Wang, J.H. and Copeland, E. (1973), "Equilibrium potentials of membrance electrodes", Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the United States of America, 70(7), 1909-1911. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.70.7.1909
  40. Welty, J.R., Wicks, C.E. and Wilson, R.E. (1969), Fundamentals of momentum, heat, and mass transfer, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

피인용 문헌

  1. A reaction-diffusion modeling of carbonation process in self-compacting concrete vol.15, pp.5, 2015, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2015.15.5.847
  2. Computer based FEM stabilization of oxygen transport model for material and energy simulation in corroding reinforced concrete vol.12, pp.5, 2013, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2013.12.5.669
  3. Coupled effect of ambient high relative humidity and varying temperature marine environment on corrosion of reinforced concrete vol.28, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.10.008