Wind and Structures

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Vulnerability of roofing components to wind loads

  • Jayasinghe, N.C. (Cyclone Testing Station, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, James Cook University) ;
  • Ginger, J.D. (Cyclone Testing Station, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, James Cook University)
  • Received : 2010.10.15
  • Accepted : 2010.12.23
  • Published : 2011.07.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The vulnerability of roofing components of contemporary houses built in cyclonic regions of Australia is assessed for increasing wind speeds. The wind loads and the component strengths are treated as random variables with their probability distributions derived from available data, testing, structural analysis and experience. Design details including types of structural components of houses are obtained from surveying houses and analyzing engineering drawings. Wind load statistics on different areas of the roof are obtained by wind tunnel model studies and compared with Australian/New Zealand Standard, AS/NZS 1170.2. Reliability methods are used for calculating the vulnerability of roofing components independently over the roof. Cladding and batten fixings near the windward gable edge are found to experience larger negative pressures than prescribed in AS/NZS 1170.2, and are most vulnerable to failure.

Keywords

References

  1. Australian Building Codes Board (2010), Building code of Australia, ABCB, Canberra, A.C.T., Australia.
  2. Ellingwood, B.R., Rosowsky, D.V., Li, Y. and Kim, J.H. (2004), "Fragility assessment of light-frame construction subjected to wind and earthquake hazards", J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE, 130, 1921-1930. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:12(1921)
  3. Henderson, D.J. and Ginger, J.D. (2007), "Vulnerability model of an Australian high-set house subjected to cyclonic wind loading", Wind Struct., 10(3), 269-285. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2007.10.3.269
  4. Holmes, J.D. (1981), "Wind pressures on houses with high pitched roofs", Wind Engineering Report 4/81, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
  5. Holmes, J.D. (1985), "Wind loads and limit states design", Civ. Eng. Trans, IE Aust., 27(1), 21-25.
  6. Holmes, J.D. and Cochran, L.S. (2003), "Probability distributions of extreme pressure coefficients", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 91(7), 893-901. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(03)00019-9
  7. Integrated Technical Software (2010), SPACE GASS, Version 10.8b, Integrated Technical Software Pty. Ltd., Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
  8. Kasperski, M. and Hoxey, R. (2008), "Extreme value analysis for observed peak pressures on the Silsoe cube", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 96(6-7), 994-1002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2007.06.024
  9. Lee, K.H. and Rosowsky, D.V. (2005), "Fragility assessment for roof sheathing in high wind regions", Eng. Struct., 27(6), 857-868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2004.12.017
  10. Leicester, R.H., Pham, L. and Kleeman, P.W. (1985), "Use of reliability concepts in the conversion of codes to limit state design", Civ. Eng. Trans, IE Aust., 27, 1-7.
  11. Li, Q.S., Hu, S.Y., Da, Y.M. and Li, Z.N. (2009), "Extreme-value analysis for field measured peak pressure coefficients on a low-rise building", Proceedings of the 7th Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan, November.
  12. Li, Y. and Ellingwood, B.R. (2006), "Hurricane damage to residential construction in the US: Importance of uncertainty modeling in risk assessment", Eng. Struct., 28(7), 1009-1018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2005.11.005
  13. Lin, J.X. and Surry, D. (1998), "The variation of peak loads with tributary area near corners on flat low building roofs", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 77-78, 185-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(98)00142-1
  14. Melchers, R.E. (1985), "Reliability calculation for structures", Civ. Eng. Trans, IE Aust., 27(1), 124-129.
  15. Pham, L. (1985), "Load combinations and probabilistic load models for limit state codes", Civ. Eng. Trans, IE Aust., 27, 62-67.
  16. Pinelli, J.P., Simiu, E., Gurley, K., Subramanian, C., Zhang, L., Cope, A., Filliben, J.J. and Hamid, S. (2004), "Hurricane damage prediction model for residential structures", J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE, 130(11), 1685-1691. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2004)130:11(1685)
  17. Rosowsky, D.V. and Cheng, N. (1999), "Reliability of light frame roofs in high-wind regions. II: Wind loads", J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE, 125, 734-739. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1999)125:7(734)
  18. Rosowsky, D.V. and Ellingwood, B.R. (2002), "Performance-based engineering of wood frame housing: fragility analysis methodology", J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE, 128, 32-38. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:1(32)
  19. Standards Australia (2006), Wind Loads for Housing, Australian Standard, AS 4055-2006, Standards Australia, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia.
  20. Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand (2002), Structural Design Actions - Part 2: Wind Actions, Australian/New Zealand Standard, AS/NZS 1170.2:2002, Standards Australia, Sydney, N.S.W., Australia.
  21. Tang, L.K. and Melchers, R.E. (1985), "Reliability of large structural systems", Civ. Eng. Trans. IE Aust., 27, 136-142.
  22. Walker, G.R. (1975), "Report on cyclone tracy effect on buildings", Australian Dept of Housing and Construction, Canberra, A.C.T., Australia.
  23. Walker, G.R. (1995), "Wind vulnerability curves for Queensland houses", Alexander Howden Reinsurance Brokers (Australia) Ltd., Sydney, N.S.W., Australia.
  24. Xu, Y.L. and Reardon, G.F. (1998), "Variations of wind pressures on hip roofs with roof pitch", J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerod., 73, 267-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(97)00291-2

Cited by

  1. Wind loads on contemporary Australian housing vol.17, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1080/13287982.2016.1229375
  2. Distribution of Wind Loads in Metal-Clad Roofing Structures vol.144, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001992