DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Cyclic liquefaction and pore pressure response of sand-silt mixtures

  • Dash, H.K. (Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology (CET), Biju Patnaik University of Technology (BPUT)) ;
  • Sitharam, T.G. (Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science)
  • 투고 : 2010.05.12
  • 심사 : 2011.03.21
  • 발행 : 2011.06.25

초록

The effect of non-plastic fines (silt) on liquefaction and pore pressure generation characteristics of saturated sands was studied through undrained stress controlled cyclic triaxial tests using cylindrical specimens of size 50 mm diameter and height 100 mm at different cyclic stress ratios and at a frequency of 0.1 Hz. The tests were carried out in the laboratory adopting various measures of sample density through various approaches namely gross void ratio approach, relative density approach, sand skeleton void ratio approach, and interfine void ratio approach. The limiting silt content and the relative density of a specimen were found to influence the undrained cyclic response of sand-silt mixtures to a great extent. Undrained cyclic response was observed to be independent of silt content at very high relative densities. However, the presence of fines significantly influenced this response of loose to medium dense specimens. Combined analyses of cyclic resistance have been done using the entire data collected from all the approaches.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. American Society for Tests and Materials (ASTM), Standard test method for load controlled cyclic triaxial strength of soil, ASTM D 5311-92 (Re-approved 1996), ASTM, West Conshohoken, Pa.
  2. Amini, F. and Qi, G.Z. (2000), "Liquefaction testing of stratified silty sands", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. - ASCE, 126(3), 208-217. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2000)126:3(208)
  3. Chang, N.Y., Yeh, S.T. and Kaufman, L.P. (1982), "Liquefaction potential of clean and silty sands", Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Earthquake Microzonation, 2, 1017-1032.
  4. Chien, L.K. and Oh, Y.N. (2002), "Influence of fines content and initial shear stress on dynamic properties of hydraulic reclaimed soil", Can. Geotech. J., 39, 242-253. https://doi.org/10.1139/t01-082
  5. Dash, H.K. (2008), "Undrained cyclic and monotonic response of sand-silt mixtures", PhD thesis submitted to Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore (India) in the Faculty of Engrg.
  6. Dash, H.K., Sitharam, T.G. and Baudet, B. (2010), "Influence of non-plastic fines on the response of a silty sand to cyclic loading", Soils and Foundations, JPN Geotech. Soc., 50(5), 695-704. doi:10.3208/sandf.50.695, JOI JST.JSTAGE/sandf/50.695.
  7. Finn, W.D.L., Ledbetter, R.H. and Wu, G. (1994), "Liquefaction in silty soils: design and analysis", Ground failures under seismic conditions, GSP 44, ASCE, New York, 51-76.
  8. Hazirbaba, K. (2005), "Pore pressure generation characteristics of sands and silty sands: a strain approach", Dissertation presented for PhD program to the faculty of Graduate School at the University of Texas at Austin, 2005.
  9. IS Codes (Bureau of Indian Standards)
  10. Kenny, T.C. (1977), "Residual strength of mineral mixtures", Proceedings of the 9th International conference on Soil Mech. and Found. Eng., Tokyo, 1, 155-160.
  11. Kuerbis, R., Negussey, D. and Vaid, Y.P. (1988), "Effect of gradation and fines content on the undrained response of sand", Proceedings on Hydraulic Fill Structures, GSP No. 21, ASCE, 330-345.
  12. Ladd, R.S. (1978), "Preparing test specimens using undercompaction", Geotech. Test. J., 1(1), 16-23. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ10364J
  13. Lade, V.P. and Yamamuro, J.A. (1997), "Effects of nonpalstic fines on static liquefaction of sands", Can. Geotech. J., 34, 918-928. https://doi.org/10.1139/t97-052
  14. Lee, K.L. and Fitton, J.A. (1968), Factors affecting the cyclic loading strength of soil, Vibration effects of earthquakes on soils and foundations, STP 450, ASTM, West Conshohocken, Pa., 71-95.
  15. Mullis, J.P., Townsend, F.C. and Horz, R.C. (1978), "Triaxial testing techniques and sand liquefaction", Dynamic Geotech. Testing, Edited by Silver and Tiedmann. ASTM Spl. 654, 265-279.
  16. Naeini, S.A. and Baziar, M.H. (2004), "Effect of fines content on steady state strength of mixed and layered specimens of a sand", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 24, 181-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2003.11.003
  17. Polito, C.P. and Martin, J.R. (2001), "Effects of nonplastic fines on the liquefaction resistance of sands", J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 127(5), 408-415. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:5(408)
  18. Ravishankar, B.V. (2006), "Cyclic and monotonic undrained behavior of sandy soils", PhD thesis submitted to Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore in the Faculty of Engineering.
  19. Sadek, S. and Saleh, M. (2007), "The effect of carbonaceous fines on the cyclic resistance of poorly graded sands", J. Geotech. Geolog. Eng., 25(2), 257-264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-006-9108-1
  20. Seed, H.B., Tokimatsu, K.L.F., and Chung, R. (1985), "Influence of SPT procedures in soil liquefaction resistance evaluations", J. Geotech. Eng. - ASCE, 111(12), 861-878.
  21. Shen, C.K., Vrymoed, J.L. and Uyeno, C.K. (1977), "The effects of fines on liquefaction of sands", Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Soil Mech. and Found. Eng., Tokyo, Japan, 2, 381-385.
  22. Singh, S. (1994), "Liquefaction characteristics of silts", Ground Failure Under Seismic Conditions, GSP 44, ASCE, 105-116.
  23. Thevanayagam, S. (1998), "Effect of fines and confining stress on undrained shear strength of silty sands", J. Geotech. Geoenviron., 124(6), 479-491. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1998)124:6(479)
  24. Thevanayagam, S. (2000), "Liquefaction potential and undrained fragility of silty soils", Proceedings of 12th World Conference on Earthquake Eng., Auckland, New Zealand, p. 8.
  25. Ueng, T.S., Sun, C.W. and Chen, C.W. (2004), "Definition of fines and liquefaction resistance of Maoluo river soil", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 24, 745-750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2004.06.011
  26. Vaid, Y.P. (1994), "Liquefaction of silty soils", Ground Failure Under Seismic Conditions, GSP 44, ASCE, New York, 1-16.
  27. Xenaki, V.C. and Athanasopoulos, G.A. (2003), "Liquefaction resistance of sand-silt mixtures: an experimental investigation of the effect of fines", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 23, 183-194.

피인용 문헌

  1. Treatment of the High Number of Cycles as a Pseudo-Cyclic Creep by Analogy with the Soft Soil Creep Model vol.34, pp.6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-016-0078-7
  2. Behavior of Sand After a High Number of Cycles Application to Shallow Foundation vol.14, pp.7, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40999-016-0050-1