Journal of Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회논문집)

Korea Water Resources Association (한국수자원학회)
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Problems of Water Use and Estimation of Water Right in North Han River Shared by North and South Korea (II) - Estimation of Water Right in Downstream Area

남북공유하천 북한강의 물이용 문제점 및 수리권 추정 (II) -하류유역 수리권 추정

  • 안종서 (한국수자원공사 대청댐관리단) ;
  • 이광만 (한국수자원공사 Kwater연구원) ;
  • 정관수 (충남대학교 토목공학과)
  • Received : 2011.02.21
  • Accepted : 2011.04.07
  • Published : 2011.04.30
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Abstract

There are not many practical measures to solve a water conflict, when a hydromorphologically asymmetric situation in international rivers exists whereby downstream users may not affect upstream users but upstream users do cause downstream impacts. In taking advantage of this merit, North Korea has built Imnam Dam in upstream of North Han River and uses water for trans-basin hydropower generation. As an impact of this dam South Korean' area as a downstream user has been suffered from water deficit and dry river. It is very critical for South Korea to solve a key problem such as water allocation for water supply and river maintenance. Therefore, this study is aim to suggest alternatives for equitable water allocation in consideration of special circumstances between the South and the North. For this, reviewing the allocation methods of water rights is carried using lessons obtained from international river cases. The results show that the minimum desired streamflow is calculated at 7.3 $m^3/sec$; water budget analysis by the equitable distribution of streamflows at the border line of the North Han River, the difference in water supply deficiency is at 3.7 $m^3/sec$ before and after Imnam Dam; in the determined distribution method, the difference in water deficiency is at 11.38 $m^3/sec$. These results show that South Korea should be secured 11.38 $m^3/sec$ from North Korean's Imnam Dam in respective of water use right and sound river maintenance.

공유하천에서 수문지형학적으로 비대칭일때 상류에 위치한 국가가 하류에 위치한 국가의 물이용을 제한할 경우, 현실적으로 이를 해결할 강제적 수단이 없다. 북한은 이런 점을 이용하여 북한강 상류에 임남댐을 건설하고 수력발전을 위해 유역변경식으로 물을 이용하고 있다. 이에 따라 하류국가인 남한지역에서는 용수부족과 건천화 등 많은 문제점이 나타나고 있다. 따라서 하류지역의 용수보장 및 하천기능유지를 위한 수리권 배분과 같은 근본적인 문제해결이 절실히 요구되는 상황이다. 본 연구는 남북공유하천의 특수한 상황과 수문지형학적 비대칭 문제를 인식하고 상 하류 국가간 공정한 물 배분을 위한 대안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 국제공유하천에서 적용된 자연유량분배법칙 등 기존 사례를 검토하여 적정 수리권추정에 활용하였다. 적용결과, 임남댐지점에서 하천기능유지를 위한기준갈수량은 $7.3m^3/s$ (230백만 $m^3$/년)이 흘러야 하는 것으로 나타났고, 국경선을 기준으로 자연유량을 50:50으로 배분할 경우 임남댐에 의한 용수공급 부족량은 $3.7m^3/s$ (103백만 $m^3$/년)로 계산되었다. 임남댐 건설전과 후의 한강수계 용수공급 부족량은 $11.38m^3/s$ (359백만 $m^3$/년)로 계산되었다. 따라서 용수이용의 기본권 및 하천기능유지를 위하여 하류국가인 남한은 북한의 임남댐으로부터 최소 $11.38m^3/s$ (359백만 $m^3$/년)를 수리권으로 보장받아야 할 것으로 추정되었다.

Keywords

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