Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture (한국환경농학회지)

The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture (한국환경농학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Cadmium and Lead in Agricultural Products

국내 농산물의 카드뮴 및 납 함량 조사 및 위해 평가

  • Kim, Ji-Young (Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Choi, Nam-Geun (Inovation and Planning Division, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service) ;
  • Yoo, Ji-Hyock (Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Ji-Ho (Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Young-Gu (Inovation and Planning Division, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service) ;
  • Jo, Kyoung-Kyu (Inovation and Planning Division, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service) ;
  • Lee, Cheol-Ho (Inovation and Planning Division, National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service) ;
  • Hong, Su-Myeong (Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Im, Geon-Jae (Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Hong, Moo-Ki (Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Won-Il (Department of Agro-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 김지영 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 최남근 (국립농산물품질관리원 소비안전과) ;
  • 류지혁 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 이지호 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 이영구 (국립농산물품질관리원 소비안전과) ;
  • 조경규 (국립농산물품질관리원 소비안전과) ;
  • 이철호 (국립농산물품질관리원 소비안전과) ;
  • 홍수명 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 임건재 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 홍무기 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 김원일 (국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부)
  • Received : 2011.09.13
  • Accepted : 2011.09.23
  • Published : 2011.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to investigate the agricultural product (Pulses, Lettuces, Pumpkins, Apples, Pears and Tangerines) in Korea, monitoring of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) contaminations of agricultural products in cultivated areas and abandoned mine areas were investigated, and risk assessment was performed through dietary intake of agricultural products. METHODS AND RESULTS: The average contents of Cd and Pb ranged from 0.001 to 0.018 mg/kg and from 0.007 to 0.032 mg/kg respectively. The result was showed that contents of Cd and Pb did not exceed maximum residual levels established by CODEX except pumpkins and apples. The average daily intake were in the range of $1.06{\times}10^{-3}$ to $4.76{\times}10^{-2}{\mu}g/kg$ b.w./day at the mean and 95th percentile for Cd, $4.53{\times}10^{-3}$ to $8.35{\times}10^{-2}{\mu}g/kg$ b.w./day at the mean and 95th percentile for Pb for general population, based on the Korean public nutrition report 2008. The Hazard Index (HI) from the ratio analysis between daily exposure and safety level values was smaller than 1.0. CONCLUSION(s): This results demonstrated that human exposure to Cd and Pb through dietary intake of agricultural produces from abandoned mine areas might not cause adverse effect exceeding to those from non-contaminated areas.

본 연구에서는 농산물 6품목(두류, 상추, 호박류, 사과, 배, 감귤)에 대한 카드뮴 및 납의 함량을 조사하였다. 폐광산 인근 주변지역 및 주산지역의 농산물을 각 품목당 150종을 수거하고 모니터링 한 결과, 카드뮴의 평균 함량은 두류 0.007 mg/kg, 상추 0.018 mg/kg, 호박류 0.003 mg/kg, 사과 0.001 mg/kg, 배 0.003 mg/kg, 감귤 0.002 mg/kg이었으며, 호박 2품목을 제외한 나머지 품목에서 Codex 기준 이하였다. 납의 평균 함량은 두류 0.020 mg/kg, 상추 0.032 mg/kg, 호박류 0.011 mg/kg, 사과 0.012 mg/kg, 배 0.007 mg/kg, 감귤 0.020 mg/kg으로 나타났으며, 호박류 및 사과 각각 1품목을 제외한 나머지 품목에서 Codex 기준 이하로 나타났다. 조사된 주산지역 농산물 및 휴 폐광산 인근 주변지역 농산물의 평균함량은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 주산지역 및 폐광산 인근 주변지역의 농산물의 위해지수(HI)를 비교한 결과 두지역간 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었으며, 모든 연령 및 성별 인구 집단에서 1.0을 초과하지 않았다. 따라서 폐광산 인근 지역 농산물섭취를 통한 카드뮴 및 납의 장기간 노출에 의한 인체 위해 가능성은 주산지역에 비해 크지 않은 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Choi, C.W., Moon, J.H., Park, H.S., Ryeom, T.K., Lee, K.H., Lee, H.M., 2009. A study on the establishment of Korean PTWI for cadmium based on the epidemiological data. J. Food Hyg. Safety. 24, 378-384.
  2. Fergusson, J.E., 1990. The heavy elements: Chemistry, environmental impact and health effects. Pergamon press, Oxford (UK).
  3. Ikebe, K., Nishimune, T., Sueki, K., 1990. Contents of 17 metal elements in food determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (vegetables, fruits, potatoes and fungi). J. Food Hyg. Soc. Jpn. 31. 382-393. https://doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.31.382
  4. Jarup, L., 2003. Hazards of heavy metal contamination. Brt Med J. 68, 167-182.
  5. Kim, M.H., Lee, Y.D., Park, H.J., Park, S.K., Lee, J.O., 2005. Contents of heavy metals in soybean curd and strarch jelly consumed in Korea. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 37, 1-5.
  6. Kim, M.H., Kim, J.S., Sou, Y.S., Jeong, S.Y., Lee, J.U., 2004. Contents of toxic metals in fruits available on Korean market. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 36, 523-526.
  7. Krejpcio, Z., Sionkowski, S., Batela, J., 2005. Safety of fresh fruits and juices available on the Polish market as determined by heavy metal residues. J. Environ. Stud. 14, 877-881.
  8. Kim, H.Y., Kim, J.I., Kim, J.C., Park, J.E., Lee, K.J., Kim, S.I., Oh, J.H., Jang, Y.M., 2009. Survey of Heavy metal contents of circulating agricultural products in Korea. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 41, 238-244.
  9. Kim, J.Y., Kim, K.Y., Ahn, J.S., Ko, I.W., Lee, C.H., 2005. Investigation and risk assessment modeling of As and other heavy metals contamination around five abandoned metal mines in Korea. Environ. Geochem. Health 27, 193-203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-005-0127-2
  10. Lee, H.M., Jung, K.H., 2008. Risk Assessment for identifying maximum level of hazarddous chemicals in foods. J. Food Hyg. Safety. 23, 80-84.
  11. Lee, T.J., Kim, K.C., Shin, I.C., Han, K.S., Shim, T.H., Ryu, M.J., Lee, J.K., 1996. Survey on the contents of trace heavy metals in agricultural products of Gangwon-do. Rep.Inst.Health Environ. 7, 75-87.
  12. Lee, J.H., Seo, J.W., An, E.S., Kuk, J.H., Park, J.W., Bae, M.S., Park, S.W., Yoo, M.S., 2011. Monitoring of heavy metals in fruits in Korea. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 43, 230-234. https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2011.43.2.230
  13. Lee, H.S., Cho, Y.H., Park, S.O., Kye, S.H., Kim, B.H., Hahm, T.S., Kim, M., Lee J.O., Kim, C.I., 2006. Dietary exposure of the Korean population to arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury. J. Food. Compos. Anal. 19, S31-S37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2005.10.006
  14. Lee, S.D., Jung, J.Y., Choi, K.H., Lee, J.T., Park, H.M., Shin, H.T., 2010. Risk analysis and estimating consumption of heavy metal from intake of oriental medicines. J. Env. Hlth. Sci. 36, 14-19.
  15. Park, J.S., Lee, M.K., 2002. A study on contents of heavy and trace metal of the agricultural products around mines located in Chollanamdo. Korean. J. Food Nutr. 15, 64-69.
  16. Shim, J.Y., Oh, H.S., Jang, M.R., Lee, Y.A., Lee, R.K., Kim, M.A., Lee, H.J., Lee, S.M., Cho, T.Y., 2010. Monitoring of lead and cadmium contents of vegetables in Korea. J. Food Hyg. Safety. 25, 395-401.
  17. Tsuji, J.S., Benson, R., Schoof, R.A., Hook, G.C., 2004. Health effect levels for risk assessment of childhood exposure to arsenic, Regul. Toxicol. Phamacol. 39, 99-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2003.12.002
  18. Triphathi, R.M., Raghunath, R., Krishnamoorthy, T.M., 1997. Dietary intake of heavy metals in Bombay City, India. Sci Total Environ. 208, 149-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(97)00290-8
  19. Welton, B.D., Peterson, D.P., Moretti, E.S., Dare, H., Bhattacharyya, M.H., 1997. Skeletal changes in multiparous, nulliparous and ovariectomized mice fed either a nutrient sufficient or deficient diet containing cadmium, Toxicologyl. 119. 103-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-483X(96)03614-1
  20. Zaldivar, R., Guillier, A., 1977. Environmental and clinical investigations on edemic chronic arsenic poisoning in infants and children. Hyg.Abt.Org.Reihe B. 165, 226-234.
  21. Zeng, X.B., Li, L.F., Mei, X.R., 2008. Heavy metal content in chinese vegetable plantation land soils and related source analysis. Agric Sci China. 7, 1115-1126. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1671-2927(08)60154-6
  22. Zheng, N., Wang, Q., Zhang, X., Zheng, D., Zhang, Z., Zhang, S., 2007. Population health risk due to dietary intake of heavy metals in the industrial area of Huludao city, China. Sci. Total Environ. 28, 189-93.

Cited by

  1. Strong positive association of traditional Asian-style diets with blood cadmium and lead levels in the Korean adult population vol.23, pp.6, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2013.769204
  2. Current research trends for heavy metals of agricultural soils and crop uptake in Korea vol.31, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2012.31.1.75
  3. Dietary exposure estimates of trace elements in selected agricultural products grown in greenhouse and associated health risks in Korean population vol.02, pp.03, 2013, https://doi.org/10.4236/jacen.2013.23006
  4. Transfer Factor of Heavy Metals from Agricultural Soil to Agricultural Products vol.31, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5338/KJEA.2012.31.4.300
  5. Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Lead and Cadmium in Various Agricultural Products Collected from the Korean Market vol.33, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.13103/JFHS.2018.33.4.240