Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Thermic Effect of Food and Macronutrient Oxidation Rate in Men and Women after Consumption of a Mixed Meal

성인 남녀의 식사성 발열효과 및 식후 영양소 산화율

  • Kim, Myung-Hee (Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Kim, Eun-Kyung (Department of Food and Nutrition, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
  • 김명희 (강릉원주대학교 생명과학대학 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김은경 (강릉원주대학교 생명과학대학 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2011.09.07
  • Accepted : 2011.11.04
  • Published : 2011.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of gender on the thermic effect of food and substrate oxidation rate during 5 hours after a mixed meal. Twenty healthy college students (10 males and 10 females) aged 20-26 years participated in this study. The energy contents of the experimental diets were 775 kcal and 627 kcal for males and females respectively, which were 30% of individual energy requirements and were composed of 65/15/20% as the proportion of carbohydrate/protein/fat. Resting and postprandial energy expenditure and substrate oxidation rates were measured with indirect calorimetry in the fasting state and every 30 min for 5 hours after meal consumption. Thermic effects of food expressed as ${\Delta}AUC$ and TEF% were not significantly different between males and females. However, TEF% adjusted for body weight and fat-free mass in males (0.095% and 0.120%) were significantly lower than those in females (0.152% and 0.213%)(p < 0.05). The total amount of carbohydrate oxidized was significantly lower in males than that in females (58.6 vs. 86.6 mg/kcal energy intake/5 h, p < 0.05). In contrast, the total amount of fat oxidized was significantly higher in males than that in females after the meal (32.9 vs. 17.2 mg/kcal energy intake/5 h, p < 0.01). These results indicate that gender affects the thermic effects of food and the substrate oxidation rate after a meal. The results show that males use relatively less carbohydrate and more fat as an energy source after a meal than that of females.

Keywords

References

  1. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight; 2011. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/
  2. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea Health Statistics 2009: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV-3); 2010
  3. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea Health Statistics 2005: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III); 2006
  4. Lonqvist F, Thone A, Large V, Arner P. Sex differences in visceral fat lipolysis and metabolic complications of obesity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997; 17(7): 1472-1480 https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.17.7.1472
  5. Wajchenberg BL. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: their relation to the metabolic syndrome. Endocr Rev 2000; 21 (6): 697-738 https://doi.org/10.1210/er.21.6.697
  6. Chumlea WC, Guo SS, Kuczmarski RJ, Flegal KM, Johnson CL, Heymsfield SB, Lukaski HC, Friedl K, Hubbard VS. Body composition estimates from NHANES III bioelectrical impedance data. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002; 26(12): 1596- 1609 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802167
  7. Pietrobelli A, Allison DB, Heshka S, Heo M, Wang ZM, Bertkau A, Laferrère B, Rosenbaum M, Aloia JF, Pi-Sunyer FX, Heymsfield SB. Sexual dimorphism in the energy content of weight change. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2002; 26(10): 1339-1348 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802065
  8. Greeno CG, Wing RR. Stress-induced eating. Psychol Bull 1994; 115(3): 444-464
  9. Choi SH, Jo MW, Shin DS. Effects of the 8-week resistance exercise on body composition, serum hormone profiles and feeding patterns of obese females. Korean J Nutr 2004; 37(10): 888- 898
  10. The Korean Nutrition Society. Dietary reference intakes for Koreans, 1st revision. Seoul; 2010
  11. Schutz Y, Bessard T, Jèquier E. Diet-induced thermogenesis measured over a whole day in obese and nonobese women. Am J Clin Nutr 1984; 40(3): 542-552
  12. Granata GP, Brandon LJ. The thermic effect of food and obesity: discrepant results and methodological variations. Nutr Rev 2002; 60(8): 223-233 https://doi.org/10.1301/002966402320289359
  13. Tentolouris N, Pavlatos S, Kokkinos A, Perrea D, Pagoni S, Katsilambros N. Diet-induced thermogenesis and substrate oxidation are not different between lean and obese women after two different isocaloric meals, one rich in protein and one rich in fat. Metabolism 2008; 57(3): 313-320 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2007.10.004
  14. Wu BN, O'Sullivan AJ. Sex differences in energy metabolism need to be considered with lifestyle modifications in humans. J Nutr Metab 2011; 2011: 391809. Epub 2011 Jun 6. doi: 10.1155/2011/ 391809
  15. Jensen MD. Gender differences in regional fatty acid metabolism before and after meal ingestion. J Clin Invest 1995; 96(5): 2297- 2303 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI118285
  16. Uranga AP, Levine J, Jensen M. Isotope tracer measures of meal fatty acid metabolism: reproducibility and effects of the menstrual cycle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2005; 288(3): E547- E555
  17. Karst H, Steiniger J, Noack R, Steglich HD. Diet-induced thermogenesis in man: thermic effects of single proteins, carbohydrates and fats depending on their energy amount. Ann Nutr Metab 1984; 28(4): 245-252 https://doi.org/10.1159/000176811
  18. Zhou BF, Stamler J, Dennis B, Moag-Stahlberg A, Okuda N, Robertson C, Zhao L, Chan Q, Elliott P; INTERMAP Research Group. Nutrient intakes of middle-aged men and women in China, Japan, United Kingdom, and United States in the late 1990s: the INTERMAP study. J Hum Hypertens 2003; 17(9): 623-630 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jhh.1001605
  19. DuBois D, DuBois EF. Fifth paper the measurement of the surface area of man. Arch Intern Med 1915; 15: 868-881
  20. Compher C, Frankenfield D, Keim N, Roth-Yousey L; Evidence Analysis Working Group. Best practice methods to apply to measurement of resting metabolic rate in adults: a systematic review. J Am Diet Assoc 2006; 106(6): 881-903 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2006.02.009
  21. Weir JB. New methods for calculating metabolic rate with special reference to protein metabolism. J Physiol 1949; 109(1-2): 1-9
  22. Westerterp-Plantenga M, Diepvens K, Joosen AM, Bérubé-Parent S, Tremblay A. Metabolic effects of spices, teas, and caffeine. Physiol Behav 2006; 89(1): 85-91 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.01.027
  23. Oh SH, Park JJ, Choi IS, Ro HK. Effects of cellulose and pectin on diet-induced thermogenesis in young women. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2007; 36(2): 194-200 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2007.36.2.194
  24. Matthews JN, Altman DG, Campbell MJ, Royston P. Analysis of serial measurements in medical research. BMJ 1990; 300(6719): 230-235 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.300.6719.230
  25. Segal KR, Edaño A, Blando L, Pi-Sunyer FX. Comparison of thermic effects of constant and relative caloric loads in lean and obese men. Am J Clin Nutr 1990; 51(1): 14-21
  26. Reed GW, Hill JO. Measuring the thermic effect of food. Am J Clin Nutr 1996; 63(2): 164-169
  27. Peonnet F, Massicotte D. Table of nonprotein respiratory quotient: an update. Can J Sport Sci 1991; 16(1): 23-29
  28. McGilvery RW, Goldstein G. Biochemistry. A functional approach. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1983. p.810-976
  29. Webb P. Energy expenditure and fat-free mass in men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; 34(9): 1816-1826
  30. Park JA, Kim KJ, Kim JH, Park YS, Koo J, Yoon JS. A comparison of the resting energy expenditure of Korean adults using indirect calorimetry. Korean J Community Nutr 2003; 8(6): 993- 1000
  31. Lee GH, Kim MH, Kim EK. Accuracy of predictive equations for resting metabolic rate in Korean college students. Korean J Community Nutr 2009; 14(4): 462-473
  32. Levine JA. Measurement of energy expenditure. Public Health Nutr 2005; 8(7A): 1123-1132
  33. Weststrate JA. Resting metabolic rate and diet-induced thermogenesis: a methodological reappraisal. Am J Clin Nutr 1993; 58 (5): 592-601
  34. Visser M, Deurenberg P, van Staveren WA, Hautvast JG. Resting metabolic rate and diet-induced thermogenesis in young and elderly subjects: relationship with body composition, fat distribution, and physical activity level. Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 61(4): 772- 778
  35. Ro HK, Choi IS, Oh SH. Effects of high carbohydrate, high fat and protein meal on postprandial thermogenesis in young women. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2005; 34(8): 1202-1209 https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2005.34.8.1202
  36. J?quier E, Acheson K, Schutz Y. Assessment of energy expenditure and fuel utilization in man. Annu Rev Nutr 1987; 7: 187-208 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nu.07.070187.001155
  37. Flatt JP, Ravussin E, Acheson KJ, Jéquier E. Effects of dietary fat on postprandial substrate oxidation and on carbohydrate and fat balances. J Clin Invest 1985; 76(3): 1019-1024 https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI112054
  38. Schutz Y, Flatt JP, Jéquier E. Failure of dietary fat intake to promote fat oxidation: a factor favoring the development of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 1989; 50(2): 307-314
  39. Koutsari C, Sidossis LS. Effect of isoenergetic low- and high-carbohydrate diets on substrate kinetics and oxidation in healthy men. Br J Nutr 2003; 90(2): 413-418 https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN2003894
  40. Sidossis LS, Wolfe RR. Glucose and insulin-induced inhibition of fatty acid oxidation: the glucose-fatty acid cycle reversed. Am J Physiol 1996; 270(4 Pt 1): E733-E738

Cited by

  1. Thermic Effect of Food, Macronutrient Oxidation Rate and Satiety of High-fat Meals with Butter and Sesame Oil on Healthy Adults vol.17, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.2.215
  2. Thermic Effect of Food, Macronutrient Oxidation Rate and Satiety of Medium-chain Triglyceride vol.20, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.6.468