A Case of Esophageal Tuberculosis Diagnosed Using Endosonography

초음파내시경이 진단에 도움이 된 식도결핵 1예

  • Kim, Tae-Kyung (Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center) ;
  • Han, Woo-Jin (Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center) ;
  • Kim, Yoon-Jae (Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center)
  • 김태경 (가천의과학대학교 길병원 소화기내과) ;
  • 한우진 (가천의과학대학교 길병원 소화기내과) ;
  • 김윤재 (가천의과학대학교 길병원 소화기내과)
  • Published : 2011.08.01

Abstract

Esophageal tuberculosis is rare, and may result from the direct extension of tuberculosis infection from adjacent mediastinal lymph nodes. Endosonography can be used to evaluate heterogeneous or homogeneous hypoechoic masses in the esophageal wall, interruption of the esophageal adventitia, and mediastinal lymphadenitis. We admitted a 19-year-old woman to our hospital because of weight loss and chest pain. Endoscopic observation revealed an esophageal submucosal mass and central ulceration with exudates. Endosonography showed a homogeneous hypoechoic mass with a destroyed esophageal wall layer, spot-like hyperechoic foci, and multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum. A biopsy showed acute inflammation, while the results of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and interferon-${\gamma}$ tests were positive for tuberculosis. The patient was diagnosed with esophageal tuberculosis using endosonography and she responded well to anti-tuberculosis therapy. Endosonography may be useful in the diagnosis of esophageal tuberculosis when an accurate histologic diagnosis is not established.

식도 결핵은 매우 드문 질환으로 결핵균의 종격동 림프절 침범에 의하여 인접해 있는 식도로 전파되어 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 상부위장관 내시경에서 궤양, 종괴, 미란 등 다양한 소견을 보이고 여러 차례의 조직검사에서도 비특이적 염증만 나타나는 경우가 많아 감별진단이 어렵다. 그렇지만 초음파내시경 검사를 시행하면 내부에 석회화를 동반한 저에코성의 병변이 식도층을 파괴하는 소견과 함께 종격동 림프절 비대가 관찰되어 이들 소견을 기초로 다른 질환과 감별진단이 가능하다. 흉통과 체중감소로 내원한 19세 여자 환자에서 상부위장관 내시경 검사를 시행하였다. 궤양이 동반된 점막하 종양이 관찰되었고 혈액검사에서 interferon-${\gamma}$ 가 양성이었으며 조직검사 결과 급성염증세포의 침윤 소견을 보였고 항산균 검사는 음성이었지만 중합효소 연쇄반응은 양성이었다. 초음파내시경 검사에서 고에코의 반점을 동반한 저에코성 병변과 종격동 림프절 비대가 관찰되어 식도결핵을 진단하고 항결핵제 치료에 임상적 호전을 보인 환자를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고한다.

Keywords

References

  1. Gupta SP, Arora A, Bhargava DK. An unusual presentation of oesophageal tuberculosis. Tuber Lung Dis 1992;73:174-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/0962-8479(92)90153-B
  2. Park EH, Jang TW, Park MI, et al. A case of esophago-mediastinal fistula due to esophageal tuberculosis. Tuberc Respir Dis 2007;62:531-535. https://doi.org/10.4046/trd.2007.62.6.531
  3. Choi SW, Park H, Lee SB, Chung JP, Lee SI, Hong SW. Three cases of secondary esophageal tuberculosis presenting as an esophageal submucosal tumor. Korean J Gastrointest Endosc 2005;30:80-85.
  4. Fahmy AR, Guindi R, Farid A. Tuberculosis of the oesophagus. Thorax 1969;24:254-256. https://doi.org/10.1136/thx.24.2.254
  5. Han XM, Yang JM, Xu LH, Nie LM, Zhao ZS. Endoscopic ultrasonography in esophageal tuberculosis. Endoscopy 2008;40:701-702. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1077479
  6. Aydin A, Tekin F, Ozutemiz O, Musoglu A. Value of endoscopic ultrasonography for diagnosis of esophageal tuberculosis: report of two cases. Dig Dis Sci 2006;51:1673-1676. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-005-9028-6
  7. Baek IH, Kim JH, Baik GH, et al. Esophageal tuberculosis revealed by rare presentation with massive hematemesis and aortoesophageal fistula. Korean J Med 2002;63:591-595.
  8. Fritscher-Ravens A, Sriram PV, Topalidis T, et al. Diagnosing sarcoidosis using endosonography-guided fine-needle aspiration. Chest 2000;118:928-935. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.118.4.928
  9. Savides TJ, Gress FG, Wheat LJ, et al. Dysphagia due to mediastinal granulomas: diagnosis with endoscopic ultrasonography. Gastroenterology 1995;109:366-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(95)90322-4
  10. Jain SK, Jain S, Jain M, Yaduvanshi A. Esophageal tuberculosis: is it so rare? Report of 12 cases and review of the literature. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:287-291. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.05456.x
  11. Jain S, Kumar N, Das DK, Jain SK. Esophageal tuberculosis: endoscopic cytology as a diagnostic tool. Acta Cytol 1999;43:1085-1090. https://doi.org/10.1159/000331357
  12. Lee SY, Kim ES, Park SY, et al. A clinical study of esophageal tuberculosis: 3 cases report. Korean J Gastrointestinal Endosc 2002;25:192-197.
  13. Kim YS, Park YS, Kim JS, Lee KM, Kim YH. Diagnostic guideline of intestinal tuberculosis. Korean J Gastroenterol 2009;53:177-186.
  14. Ye BD, Gwak GY, Kim W, et al. A case of esophageal tuberculosis initially presented as submucosal tumor. Korean J Gastroenterol 2001;38:203-206.
  15. Park YB, Kim JI, Choo KY, et al. A case of primary esophageal tuberculosis confused as esophageal cancer. Korean J Gastrointestinal Endosc 2001;23:164-168.
  16. Baek IH, Kim JH, Suh JS, et al. Esophageal tuberculosis mimicking malignancy. Korean J Gastrointestinal Endosc 2002;24:147-151.
  17. Park JH, Kang HM, Kim MW, et al. A case of esophageal tuberculous abscess. Korean J Gastrointestinal Endosc 2005;31:252-256.