Anatomy and Cell Biology

Korean Association of Anatomists (대한해부학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The high dosage of earthworm (Eisenia andrei) extract decreases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus

  • Yan, Bing-Chun (Department of Neurobiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Yoo, Ki-Yeon (Department of Oral Anatomy, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Park, Joon-Ha (Department of Neurobiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Choong-Hyun (Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University) ;
  • Choi, Jung-Hoon (Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Won, Moo-Ho (Department of Neurobiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine)
  • Published : 2011.09.30
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Earthworm extract has shown anticancer characteristics. In the present study, we examined the effect of chronic treatment with a high dose of earthworm (Eisenia andrei) extract (EE) on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of 3-week-old mice using 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry for cell proliferation and doublecortin (DCX) immunohistochemistry for neuroblast differentiation, respectively. BrdU-, Ki- 67-, and DCX-immunoreactive cells were easily detected in the subgranular zone of the DG in vehicle (saline)-treated mice. However, BrdU-, Ki-67-, and DCX-immunoreactive cells in the 500 mg/kg EE-treated mice decreased distinctively compared to those in the vehicle-treated mice. In addition, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immunoreactivity and its protein level decreased markedly in the DG of the EE-treated group compared to those in the vehicle-treated group. These results indicate that chronic treatment with high dose EE decreased cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation, and that BDNF immunoreactivity decreased in the DG of EE-treated mice.

Keywords

References

  1. Ago Y, Yoneyama M, Ishihama T, Kataoka S, Kawada K, Tanaka T, Ogita K, Shintani N, Hashimoto H, Baba A, Takuma K, Matsuda T. Role of endogenous pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Neuroscience 2011;172:554-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.10.044
  2. Zou L, Jin G, Zhang X, Qin J, Zhu H, Tian M, Tan X. Proliferation, migration, and neuronal differentiation of the endogenous neural progenitors in hippocampus after fimbria fornix transection. Int J Neurosci 2010;120:192-200. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207450903464579
  3. Jaako-Movits K, Zharkovsky T, Pedersen M, Zharkovsky A. Decreased hippocampal neurogenesis following olfactory bulbectomy is reversed by repeated citalopram administration. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2006;26:1559-70.
  4. Ma DK, Marchetto MC, Guo JU, Ming GL, Gage FH, Song H. Epigenetic choreographers of neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain. Nat Neurosci 2010;13:1338-44. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2672
  5. Brinton RD, Wang JM. Therapeutic potential of neurogenesis for prevention and recovery from Alzheimer's disease: allopregnanolone as a proof of concept neurogenic agent. Curr Alzheimer Res 2006;3:185-90. https://doi.org/10.2174/156720506777632817
  6. Hong XP, Peng CX, Wei W, Tian Q, Liu YH, Cao FY, Wang Q, Wang JZ. Relationship of adult neurogenesis with tau phosphorylation and GSK-3${\beta}$ activity in subventricular zone. Neurochem Res 2011;36:288-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-010-0316-y
  7. Reif A, Fritzen S, Finger M, Strobel A, Lauer M, Schmitt A, Lesch KP. Neural stem cell proliferation is decreased in schizophrenia, but not in depression. Mol Psychiatry 2006;11:514-22. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001791
  8. Yao RQ, Zhang L, Wang W, Li L. Cornel iridoid glycoside promotes neurogenesis and angiogenesis and improves neurological function after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Brain Res Bull 2009;79:69-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.12.010
  9. Balamurugan M, Parthasarathi K, Ranganathan LS, Cooper EL. Hypothetical mode of action of earthworm extract with hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2008;9:141-7. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B0720194
  10. Cooper EL. CAM, eCAM, bioprospecting: the 21st century pyramid. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2005;2:125-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/neh094
  11. PopovicM, Hrcenjak TM, Babic T, Kos J, Grdisa M. Effect of earthworm (G-90) extract on formation and lysis of clots originated from venous blood of dogs with cardiopathies and with malignant tumors. Pathol Oncol Res 2001;7:197-202. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03032349
  12. Ryu GH, Park S, Han DK, Kim YH, Min B. Antithrombotic activity of a lumbrokinase immobilized polyurethane surface. ASAIO J 1993;39:M314-8.
  13. Cooper EL, Ru B, Weng N. Earthworms: sources of antimicrobial and anticancer molecules. Adv Exp Med Biol 2004;546:359-89.
  14. Kalluri HS, Dempsey RJ. D609 inhibits the proliferation of neural progenitor cells. Neuroreport 2010;21:700-3.
  15. Kim MS, Park HR, Park M, Kim SJ, Kwon M, Yu BP, Chung HY, Kim HS, Kwack SJ, Kang TS, Kim SH, Lee J. Neurotoxic effect of 2,5-hexanedione on neural progenitor cells and hippocampal neurogenesis. Toxicology 2009;260:97-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2009.03.013
  16. Paizanis E, Kelai S, Renoir T, Hamon M, Lanfumey L. Life-long hippocampal neurogenesis: environmental, pharmacological and neurochemical modulations. Neurochem Res 2007;32:1762-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-007-9330-0
  17. Balamurugan M, Parthasarathi K, Cooper EL, Ranganathan LS. Anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities of earthworm extract-Lampito mauritii (Kinberg). J Ethnopharmacol 2009;121:330-2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.10.021
  18. Hrzenjak T, Popovic M, Bozic T, Grdisa M, Kobrehel D, Tiska-Rudman L. Fibrinolytic and anticoagulative activities from the earthworm Eisenia foetida. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1998;119:825-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0491(98)00060-1
  19. Zhang M, Li X, Liu Y, Ye F, Qiu G. Effects of extract of dilong (pheretima) on the scalded skin in rats. J Tradit Chin Med 2006;26:68-71.
  20. Lee CH, Choi JH, Yoo KY, Park OK, Moon JB, Sohn Y, Cho JH, Hwang IK, Won MH. Rosiglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, decreases immunoreactivity of markers for cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the mouse hippocampus. Brain Res 2010;1329:30-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2010.03.027
  21. Chen Y, Ai Y, Slevin JR, Maley BE, Gash DM. Progenitor proliferation in the adult hippocampus and substantia nigra induced by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. Exp Neurol 2005;196:87-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.07.010
  22. Sairanen M, Lucas G, Ernfors P, Castren M, Castren E. Brainderived neurotrophic factor and antidepressant drugs have different but coordinated effects on neuronal turnover, proliferation, and survival in the adult dentate gyrus. J Neurosci 2005;25:1089-94. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3741-04.2005
  23. Pencea V, Bingaman KD, Wiegand SJ, Luskin MB. Infusion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor into the lateral ventricle of the adult rat leads to new neurons in the parenchyma of the striatum, septum, thalamus, and hypothalamus. J Neurosci 2001;21:6706-17.
  24. Scharfman H, Goodman J, Macleod A, Phani S, Antonelli C, Croll S. Increased neurogenesis and the ectopic granule cells after intrahippocampal BDNF infusion in adult rats. Exp Neurol 2005;192:348-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.11.016
  25. Islam O, Loo TX, Heese K. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has proliferative effects on neural stem cells through the truncated TRK-B receptor, MAP kinase, AKT, and STAT-3 signaling pathways. Curr Neurovasc Res 2009;6:42-53. https://doi.org/10.2174/156720209787466028

Cited by

  1. Aripiprazole, An Atypical Antipsychotic Drug, Improves Maturation and Complexity of Neuroblast Dendrites in the Mouse Dentate Gyrus Via Increasing Superoxide Dismutases vol.38, pp.9, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-013-1104-2
  2. Evaluation of cytotoxic and anti-tumor activity of partially purified serine protease isolate from the Indian earthworm Pheretima posthuma vol.3, pp.11, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60175-6