Comparison of the BACTEC Blood Culture and Conventional Culture Methods for Isolation of Microorganisms Causing Peritonitis in CAPD Patients

복막 투석 환자에서 복막염의 원인균 동정에 이용되는 두 가지 배양 방법의 비교

  • Ahn, Sung-Min (Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine) ;
  • Jung, Min-Young (Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine) ;
  • Choi, Hyeok-Soo (Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine) ;
  • Choi, Bo-Youn (Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Su-Sun (Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine) ;
  • Seo, Seung-In (Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Min-Gang (Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Soo-Jin (Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine) ;
  • Oh, Ji-Eun (Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine)
  • 안성민 (한림대학교 의과대학 강동성심병원 내과) ;
  • 정민영 (한림대학교 의과대학 강동성심병원 내과) ;
  • 최혁수 (한림대학교 의과대학 강동성심병원 내과) ;
  • 최보윤 (한림대학교 의과대학 강동성심병원 내과) ;
  • 김수선 (한림대학교 의과대학 강동성심병원 내과) ;
  • 서승인 (한림대학교 의과대학 강동성심병원 내과) ;
  • 김민강 (한림대학교 의과대학 강동성심병원 내과) ;
  • 김수진 (한림대학교 의과대학 강동성심병원 내과) ;
  • 오지은 (한림대학교 의과대학 강동성심병원 내과)
  • Published : 2011.10.01

Abstract

Background/Aims: Peritonitis is the most frequent complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Prompt recognition and treatment of peritonitis is important. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of isolation of the microorganisms causing CAPD peritonitis by the BACTEC blood culture and conventional methods. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 38 episodes of peritonitis in 34 CAPD patients between September 2007 and February 2010. Two methods of processing dialysate from patients on CAPD were used. Blood culture was performed using two 10-mL effluents, which were inoculated into a pair of BACTEC culture bottles. The conventional method was performed using 50 mL of centrifuged dialysate. The sedimented dialysate was inoculated onto blood agar and MacConkey agar plates or into thioglycollate broth. To evaluate effectiveness, we compared the rate of positive culture results and the time to identify the causative organism of the two culture methods. Results: Use of the BACTEC bottle method resulted in more positive culture results than did conventional culture (86.8 vs. 57.9% p = 0.003). The time taken to identify the causative organism from culture-positive peritonitis was more rapid using the blood culture compared with the conventional culture method (90 vs. 109 hr, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Blood culture using the BACTEC bottle is more effective than the conventional culture technique for detection of causative microorganisms in CAPD peritonitis.

목적: 복막염은 복막투석환자의 사망률과 유병률에 주요한 합병증으로 알려져 복막염의 원인균을 빨리 동정하는 것은 복막염의 치료에 있어 매우 중요한 일이다. 저자들은 복막염으로 내원한 환자들을 대상으로 복막액에 대해 재래적 배양 방법과 혈액배양 방법을 모두 시행하여 원인균 동정 양성률과 원인균 동정에 걸리는 시간을 측정하여 효율성을 비교하고자 하였다. 방법: 2007년 9월부터 2010년 2월까지 한림대학교 강동 성심병원에서 복막 투석을 시행 받은 34명의 환자를 대상으로 총 38건의 복막염 발생 건수를 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 모든 환자에게서 복막액을 재래적 배양 방법과 혈액배양 방법 모두 시행하였다. 재래적 배양 방법으로, 50 mL의 복막액을 3,000 g에서 15분간 원침하여 침사액을 혈액한 천배지, MacConkey 배지 및 thioglycollate 액체배지에 배양하였다. 다른 방법인 혈액배양 방법으로, 10 mL의 복막액을 산소성과 무산소성 혈액배양용 배지(BACTEC)에 배양하여 원인균을 각각 동정하였다. 각각의 배양 방법으로 원인균 동정률과 원인균 동정에 걸리는 시간을 비교하여 효율성을 평가하였다. 결과: 복막염의 원인균 동정 양성률은 혈액배양 방법이 재래적 배양 방법보다 더 높게 측정되었으며(86.8% vs. 57.9%, p = 0.003), 원인균 동정 음성률은 혈액배양 방법이 재래적 배양 방법보다 낮게 측정되었다(13.2% vs. 42.1%, p = 0.003). 원인균이 동정된 그룹에서 균이 동정되는 시간은 혈액배양 방법에서 재래적 배양 방법보다 짧게 측정되었다(90시간 vs. 109시간, p = 0.03). 결론: 복막투석 환자에서 복막염의 원인균 동정에 있어 혈액배양 방법이 재래적 배양 방법에 비해 원인균 동정 양성률과 동정된 시간을 비교한 결과 더 우위에 있어 효율적이라고 볼 수 있겠다.

Keywords

References

  1. Fried LF, Bernardini J, Johnston JR, Piraino B. Peritonitis influences mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996;7:2176-2182.
  2. Woodrow G, Turney JH, Brownjohn AM. Technique failure in peritoneal dialysis and its impact on patient survival. Perit Dial Int 1997;17:360-364.
  3. Oo TN, Roberts TL, Collins AJ. A comparison of peritonitis rates from the United States Renal data system database: CAPD versus continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2005;45:372-380. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2004.10.008
  4. Chow KM, Chow VC, Szeto CC, Law MC, Leung CB, Li PK. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis peritonitis: broth inoculation culture versus water lysis method. Nephron Clin Pract 2007;105:c121-c125. https://doi.org/10.1159/000098643
  5. Li PK, Szeto CC, Piraino B, et al. Peritoneal dialysis-related infections recommendations: 2010 update. Perit Dial Int 2010;30:393-423. https://doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2010.00049
  6. Lye WC, Wong PL, Leong SO, Lee EJ. Isolation of organisms in CAPD peritonitis: a comparison of two techniques. Adv Perit Dial 1994;10:166-168.
  7. Bunke CM, Brier ME, Golper TA. Outcomes of single organism peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis: gram negative versus gram positives in the Network 9 Peritonitis Study. Kidney Int 1997;52:524-529. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.1997.363
  8. Gupta B, Bernardini J, Piraino B. Peritonitis associated with exit site and tunnel infections. Am J Kidney Dis 1996;28:415-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-6386(96)90500-4
  9. Benevent D, Peyronnet P, Lagarde C, Leroux-Robert C. Fungal peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: three recoveries in 5 cases without catheter removal. Nephron 1985;41:203-206. https://doi.org/10.1159/000183582
  10. Sewell DL, Golper TA, Hulman PB, et al. Comparison of large volume culture to other methods for isolation of microorganisms from dialysate. Perit Dial Int 1990;10:49-52.
  11. Bobadilla M, Sifuentes J, Garcia-Tsao G. Improved method for bacteriological diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. J Clin Microbiol 1989;27:2145-2147.
  12. Ludlam HA, Price TN, Berry AJ, Phillips I. Laboratory diagnosis of peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. J Clin Microbiol 1988;26:1757-1762.
  13. Blondeau JM, Pylypchuk GB, Kappel JE, Baltzan RB, Yaschuk Y, Adolph AJ. Evaluation of aerobic Bactec 6A non-resin-and 16A resin-containing media for the recovery of microorganisms causing peritonitis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1995;22:361-368. https://doi.org/10.1016/0732-8893(95)00156-8
  14. Runyon BA, Antillon MR, Akriviadis EA, McHutchison JG. Bedside inoculation of blood culture bottles with ascitic fluid is superior to delayed inoculation in the detection of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. J Clin Microbiol 1990;28:2811-2812.
  15. Yang CY, Chen TW, Lin YP, et al. Determinants of catheter loss following continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis peritonitis. Perit Dial Int 2008;28:361-370.
  16. Blake PG, Flowerdew G, Blake RM, Oreopoulos DG. Serum albumin in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: predictors and correlations with outcomes. J Am Soc Nephrol 1993;3:1501-1507.
  17. Gulati S, Stephens D, Balfe JA, Secker D, Harvey E, Balfe JW. Children with hypoalbuminemia on continuous peritoneal dialysis are at risk for technique failure. Kidney Int 2001;59:2361-2367. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00754.x
  18. Khare S, Yurack J, Toye B. Culture of dialysate in suspected CAPD associated peritonitis using the BacT/Alert system. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1996;25:101-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0732-8893(96)00124-1
  19. Wilson ML, Weinstein MP, Reimer LG, Mirrett S, Reller LB. Controlled comparison of the BacT/Alert and BACTEC 660/730 nonradiometric blood culture systems. J Clin Microbiol 1992;30:323-329.
  20. Keane WF, Everett ED, Golper TA, et al. Peritoneal dialysisrelated peritonitis treatment recommendations: 1993 update: the Ad Hoc Advisory Committee on Peritonitis Management: International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis. Perit Dial Int 1993;13:14-28.
  21. Yoon SH, Choi NW, Yu SR. Detecting bacterial growth in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis effluent using two culture method. Korean J Intern Med 2010;25:82-85, http://dx.doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2010.25.1.82.
  22. Lee JH, Kim TH, Kim MN, Kim SB, Lim EY, Park SK. Direct inoculation in BACTEC culture media is superior to thioglycollate broth and solid culture medium method after centrifugation in identifying gram positive microorganism in peritoneal dialysis peritonitis patients. Korean J Nephrol 2009;28:617-623.