Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics and Treatment of Patients with Thyrotropin-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas

TSH 분비 뇌하수체 선종 환자들의 임상적, 생화학적 특징과 치료

  • Lee, Woo-Kyung (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Hwang, Se-Na (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lim, Jung-Soo (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Hyun-Min (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Eun-Young (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Kook (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Sun-Ho (Department of Neurosurgery Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Eun-Jig (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
  • 이우경 (연세대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 황세나 (연세대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 임정수 (연세대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김현민 (연세대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 이은영 (연세대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 이상국 (연세대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김선호 (연세대학교 의과대학 신경외과학교실) ;
  • 이은직 (연세대학교 의과대학 내과학교실)
  • Published : 2011.01.01

Abstract

Background/Aims: Thyrotropin (TSH)-secreting pituitary adenoma (TSHoma) is rare and represents 1~2% of all pituitary adenomas. TSHoma should be distinguished from the thyroid hormone resistance syndrome. Patients with TSHoma may be misdiagnosed with primary hyperthyroidism and often receive inappropriate thyroid gland treatment. Methods: We assessed the clinical characteristics of patients with TSHoma who presented to Severance Hospital at the Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea between 2005 and 2009. Results: Of 484 patients who underwent pituitary tumor resection, eight (1.65%; five women and three men) were found to have TSHoma. The mean age was $40.6{\pm}8.9$ years at diagnosis (range, 28~55 years). The median duration from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 17 months (range, 4~60 months). Four patients had overt symptoms of hyperthyroidism and two had visual field defect. Six patients had elevated free thyroxine (FT4) levels with elevated or inappropriately normal TSH levels, and two patients had symptoms associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The serum levels of free ${\alpha}-subunit$ measured in two patients were elevated. Six of the tumors were macroadenomas (>10 mm) and two were microadenomas. Complete tumor removal was achieved in all patients. Five patients had preoperative anterior pituitary dysfunction; three patients recovered from this after surgery. Three patients were lost to follow up and five patients showed no evidence of recurrence or hyperthyroidism in the follow-up period (mean, 30.8 months, range, 3~57). Conclusions: Early diagnosis and complete removal of the tumor mass may improve the neurological and endocrine deficits.

목적: TSH 분비 뇌하수체 선종은 모든 뇌하수체종양의 1~2%를 차지하는 매우 드문 질환으로써 빠르고 정확하게 진단하여 부적절한 치료를 피하고 적극적인 치료를 하는 것이 중요하다. 저자들은 TSH 분비 뇌하수체 선종으로 진단받은 8명의 환자들의 임상적, 생화학적 특징과 치료에 대해서 비교분석하였다. 방법: 2005년부터 2009년까지 신촌 세브란스 병원에 입원하여 TSH 분비 뇌하수체 선종으로 진단받고 뇌하수체종양 절제술을 시행받은 환자 8명을 후향적으로 분석하였다 결과: 신촌 세브란스 병원에서 종양절제술을 받은 484명의 환자들 중 8명(1.65%)가 TSH 분비 뇌하수체 선종이었다. 성별은 5명이 여자, 3명이 남자였고, 연령 분포는 28세에서 55세까지 평균 40.6세였다. 증상이 발생하고 나서 진단되기까지의 평균 기간은 17개월이었다. 초기 증상은 4명의 환자에서는 갑상선기능항진증의 전형적인 증상을 보였고, 2명의 환자에서는 시야 결손을 보였다. 생화학적 검사상에서는 하시모토갑상선염을 동반한 환자 2명을 제외한 6명에서 갑상선호르몬은 증가되어 있으나 TSH가 적절하게 억제되지 않았다. 또한 2명의 환자에서 유리알파아단위와 유리알파아단위/TSH의 몰농도비를 측정하였고, 모두 증가되어 있었다. 터키안 자기공명영상에서는 6명의 환자에서 거대선종이 관찰되었고, 2명의 환자에서 미세선종이 관찰되었다. 8명의 환자가 모두 완전한 종양절제술을 시행받았고, 7명의 환자에서 수술 후 얻은 조직으로 면역조직화학검사를 시행하였다. 6명의 환자가 TSH 양성 소견을 보였고, 그 중 2명의 환자에서 동시에 성장호르몬, 유즙분비호르몬에 양성 소견을 보였으며 1명의 환자에서 유즙분비호르몬에 양성 소견을 보였다. 수술 전 뇌하수체 전엽 기능부전증을 가지고 있단 5명의 환자 중 3명의 환자는 수술 후 기능이 회복되었다. 또한 병원에 내원하지 않은 3명의 환자를 제외한 5명의 환자 모두 평균 30.8개월의 기간 동안 갑상선기능항진증과 종양 재발의 증거는 없었다. 결론: 갑상선기능항진증 환자에서 TSH 분비 뇌하수체 선종의 조기 진단 및 적극적인 치료는 예후를 향상시키는데 주요한 역할을 할 수 있다.

Keywords

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