Venogram of the Upper Extremity Using the Tourniquet Technique for the Evaluation of Central Vein Patency: A Comparison to Conventional and $CO_2$ Venogram

중심 정맥 개통성 평가에 있어 토니켓 기법을 이용한 상지 정맥조영술: 고식적 정맥조영술 및 이산화탄소 정맥조영술과의 비교

  • Lee, Seun-Ah (Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Chung, Hwan-Hoon (Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Seung-Hwa (Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Cha, Sang-Hoon (Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Je, Bo-Kyung (Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Seo, Bo-Kyoung (Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Baek-Hyun (Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Seo, Hyung-Seok (Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine)
  • 이선아 (고려대학교 의과대학 안산병원 영상의학과학교실) ;
  • 정환훈 (고려대학교 의과대학 안산병원 영상의학과학교실) ;
  • 이승화 (고려대학교 의과대학 안산병원 영상의학과학교실) ;
  • 차상훈 (고려대학교 의과대학 안산병원 영상의학과학교실) ;
  • 제보경 (고려대학교 의과대학 안산병원 영상의학과학교실) ;
  • 서보경 (고려대학교 의과대학 안산병원 영상의학과학교실) ;
  • 김백현 (고려대학교 의과대학 안산병원 영상의학과학교실) ;
  • 서형석 (고려대학교 의과대학 안산병원 영상의학과학교실)
  • Published : 2011.07.01

Abstract

Purpose: To compare the tourniquet technique (TT) with the conventional venogram (CV) and the carbon dioxide venogram ($CO_{2}V$) for the evaluation of central vein patency of the upper extremity. Materials and Methods: $CO_{2}V$, TT, and CV were performed on 100 upper extremities prior to an arteriovenous fistula operation. The central vein was divided into four segments. The best image of the venograms for each segment was chosen as a reference, and the venogram techniques for each segment were graded from 1 (invisible) to 5 (excellent) compared with those of the reference image. The grades of the various venogram techniques at each segment of the vein were compared statistically. Results: For the SVC segment, the mean grades of $CO_{2}V$, TT, and CV were 4.32, 3.60, and 2.45, respectively. TT is statistically superior to CV but inferior to $CO_{2}V$. On the brachiocephalic vein, the mean grades of $CO_{2}V$, TT, and CV were 4.41, 4.37, and 2.77 and were 4.81, 4.85, and 3.78 for the subclavian vein and 4.75, 4.93, and 4.57, respectively, on the axillary vein. On these segments, TT was statistically superior to CV, but no difference was noted with $CO_{2}V$. Conclusion: TT is superior to CV in every segment of the central vein and presents similar values to those of the $CO_{2}V$, except for the SVC.

목적: 중심 정맥 개통성 평가에 있어 토니켓 기법을 이용한 상지정맥조영술을 고식적 및 이산화탄소를 이용한 정맥조영술과 비교하였다. 대상과 방법: 혈액투석용 인공동정맥루 수술 전 상지정맥 평가를 시행한 100개의 상지 정맥조영술을 대상으로 하였다. 각각의 환자에서 이산화탄소, 토니켓 및 고식적 정맥조영술을 모두 시행하였고 상지 중심정맥은 네 개의 분절로 나누었다. 각 분절마다 세 종류의 정맥조영술 중에서 가장 좋은 영상을 기준으로 삼고 이와 비교하여 1(보이지않음)부터 5(아주 좋음)까지 등급을 정하여 각 분절에 대한 세 종류 정맥조영술의 등급을 통계학적으로 비교하였다. 결과: 상대정맥은 이산화탄소, 토니켓 및 고식적인 정맥조영술의 평균등급이 각 4.32, 3.60, 2.45였고, 팔머리정맥과 쇄골아래정맥은 각각 4.41, 4.37, 2.77과 4.81, 4.85, 3.78, 그리고 겨드랑정맥은 4.75, 4.93, 4.57이었다. 상대정맥은 토니켓 정맥조영술이 고식적 정맥조영술보다 통계학적으로 등급이 높고 이산화탄소 정맥조영술보다 낮았다. 나머지 세 개의 분절에서 토니켓 정맥조영술은 고식적 정맥조영술보다 통계학적으로 의미 있게 등급이 높았으나, 이산화탄소 정맥조영술과는 통계학적 차이가 없었다. 결론: 토니켓 정맥조영술은 중심정맥의 모든 분절에서 고식적 정맥조영술보다 우수한 영상을, 이산화탄소 정맥조영술과는 상대정맥을 제외한 분절들에서 대등한 영상을 보였다.

Keywords

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