References
- American Diabetes Association. Gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2003;26 Suppl 1:S103-5.
- Weyer C, Funahashi T, Tanaka S, Hotta K, Matsuzawa Y, Pratley RE, et al. Hypoadiponectinemia in obesity and type 2 diabetes: close association with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:1930-5. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.86.5.1930
- Christou H, Connors JM, Ziotopoulou M, Hatzidakis V, Papathanassoglou E, Ringer SA, et al. Cord blood leptin and insulin-like growth factor levels are independent predictors of fetal growth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:935-8. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.86.2.935
- Corbetta S, Bulfamante G, Cortelazzi D, Barresi V, Cetin I, Mantovani G, et al. Adiponectin expression in human fetal tissues during mid- and late gestation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:2397- 402. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2004-1553
- Mazaki-Tovi S, Kanety H, Sivan E. Adiponectin and human pregnancy. Curr Diab Rep 2005;5:278-81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-005-0023-2
- Sivan E, Mazaki-Tovi S, Pariente C, Efraty Y, Schiff E, Hemi R, et al. Adiponectin in human cord blood: relation to fetal birth weight and gender. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:5656-60. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-031174
- Tsai PJ, Yu CH, Hsu SP, Lee YH, Chiou CH, Hsu YW, et al. Cord plasma concentrations of adiponectin and leptin in healthy term neonates: positive correlation with birthweight and neonatal adiposity. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2004;61:88-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2004.02057.x
- Retnakaran R, Hanley AJ, Raif N, Connelly PW, Sermer M, Zinman B. Reduced adiponectin concentration in women with gestational diabetes: a potential factor in progression to type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:799-800. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.3.799
- Williams MA, Qiu C, Muy-Rivera M, Vadachkoria S, Song T, Luthy DA. Plasma adiponectin concentrations in early pregnancy and subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:2306-11. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-031201
- Lee JJ, Park CG, Lee KS. Birth weight distribution by gestational age in Korean population: using finite mixture modle. Korean J Pediatr 2005;48:1179-86.
- Casey BM, Lucas MJ, McIntire DD, Leveno KJ. Pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes compared with the general obstetric population. Obstet Gynecol 1997;90:869-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00542-5
- Di Cianni G, Miccoli R, Volpe L, Lencioni C, Del Prato S. Intermediate metabolism in normal pregnancy and in gestational diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2003;19:259-70. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.390
- Dang K, Homko C, Reece EA. Factors associated with fetal macrosomia in offspring of gestational diabetic women. J Matern Fetal Med 2000;9:114-7.
- Weiss PA, Scholz HS, Haas J, Tamussino KF, Seissler J, Borkenstein MH. Long-term follow-up of infants of mothers with type 1 diabetes: evidence for hereditary and nonhereditary transmission of diabetes and precursors. Diabetes Care 2000;23:905-11. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.23.7.905
- Buchanan TA, Xiang AH. Gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 2005;115:485-91.
- Catalano PM, Kirwan JP, Haugel-de Mouzon S, King J. Gestational diabetes and insulin resistance: role in short- and long-term implications for mother and fetus. J Nutr 2003;133:1674S-83S.
- Qiu C, Williams MA, Vadachkoria S, Frederick IO, Luthy DA. Increased maternal plasma leptin in early pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Obstet Gynecol 2004;103:519-25. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000113621.53602.7a
- Winkler G, Cseh K, Baranyi E, Melczer Z, Speer G, Hajos P, et al. Tumor necrosis factor system in insulin resistance in gestational diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2002;56:93-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-8227(01)00355-2
- Retnakaran R, Hanley AJ, Raif N, Connelly PW, Sermer M, Zinman B. C-reactive protein and gestational diabetes: the central role of maternal obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:3507-12. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-030186
- Tiikkainen M, Tamminen M, Hakkinen AM, Bergholm R, Vehkavaara S, Halavaara J, et al. Liver-fat accumulation and insulin resistance in obese women with previous gestational diabetes. Obes Res 2002;10:859-67. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2002.118
- Kautzky-Willer A, Krssak M, Winzer C, Pacini G, Tura A, Farhan S, et al. Increased intramyocellular lipid concentration identifies impaired glucose metabolism in women with previous gestational diabetes. Diabetes 2003;52:244-51.
- Arita Y, Kihara S, Ouchi N, Takahashi M, Maeda K, Miyagawa J, et al. Paradoxical decrease of an adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in obesity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999;257:79-83. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1999.0255
- Yang WS, Lee WJ, Funahashi T, Tanaka S, Matsuzawa Y, Chao CL, et al. Weight reduction increases plasma levels of an adipose-derived anti-inflammatory protein, adiponectin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:3815-9. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.86.8.3815
- Ouchi N, Kihara S, Arita Y, Nishida M, Matsuyama A, Okamoto Y, et al. Adipocyte-derived plasma protein, adiponectin, suppresses lipid accumulation and class A scavenger receptor expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Circulation 2001;103: 1057-63. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.103.8.1057
- Haluzik M. Adiponectin and its potential in the treatment of obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2005;6: 988-93.
- Meier U, Gressner AM. Endocrine regulation of energy metabolism: review of pathobiochemical and clinical chemical aspects of leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin, and resistin. Clin Chem 2004;50:1511-25. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2004.032482
- Ong KK, Frystyk J, Flyvbjerg A, Petry CJ, Ness A, Dunger DB. Sexdiscordant associations with adiponectin levels and lipid profiles in children. Diabetes 2006;55:1337-41. https://doi.org/10.2337/db05-1272
- Jaquet D, Deghmoun S, Chevenne D, Czernichow P, Levy-Marchal C. Low serum adiponectin levels in subjects born small for gestational age: impact on insulin sensitivity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006; 30:83-7. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803106
- Newsome CA, Shiell AW, Fall CH, Phillips DI, Shier R, Law CM. Is birth weight related to later glucose and insulin metabolism?--A systematic review. Diabet Med 2003;20:339-48. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.00871.x
- Fruebis J, Tsao TS, Javorschi S, Ebbets-Reed D, Erickson MR, Yen FT, et al. Proteolytic cleavage product of 30-kDa adipocyte complement- related protein increases fatty acid oxidation in muscle and causes weight loss in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001;98:2005- 10.
- Giudice LC. Insulin-like growth factors and ovarian follicular development. Endocr Rev 1992;13:641-69.
- Liu JP, Baker J, Perkins AS, Robertson EJ, Efstratiadis A. Mice carrying null mutations of the genes encoding insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and type 1 IGF receptor (IGF1R). Cell 1993;75:59- 72.
- DeChiara TM, Efstratiadis A, Robertson EJ. A growth-deficiency phenotype in heterozygous mice carrying an insulin-like growth factor II gene disrupted by targeting. Nature 1990;345:78-80. https://doi.org/10.1038/345078a0
- Giudice LC, de Zegher F, Gargosky SE, Dsupin BA, de las Fuentes L, Crystal RA, et al. Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins in the term and preterm human fetus and neonate with normal and extremes of intrauterine growth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:1548-55. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.80.5.1548
- Wiznitzer A, Reece EA, Homko C, Furman B, Mazor M, Levy J. Insulin-like growth factors, their binding proteins, and fetal macrosomia in offspring of nondiabetic pregnant women. Am J Perinatol 1998;15:23-8. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-993893
- Nieto-Diaz A, Villar J, Matorras-Weinig R, Valenzuela-Ruìz P. Intrauterine growth retardation at term: association between anthropometric and endocrine parameters. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1996;75:127-31. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016349609033303
- Stefan N, Vozarova B, Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y, Weyer C, Lindsay RS, et al. Plasma adiponectin concentration is associated with skeletal muscle insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation, and low plasma concentration precedes a decrease in whole-body insulin sensitivity in humans. Diabetes 2002;51:1884-8. https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.6.1884
- Brakenhielm E, Veitonmaki N, Cao R, Kihara S, Matsuzawa Y, Zhivotovsky B, et al. Adiponectin-induced antiangiogenesis and antitumor activity involve caspase-mediated endothelial cell apoptosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004;101:2476-81. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0308671100
- Mantzoros C, Petridou E, Alexe DM, Skalkidou A, Dessypris N, Papathoma E, et al. Serum adiponectin concentrations in relation to maternal and perinatal characteristics in newborns. Eur J Endocrinol 2004;151:741-6. https://doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1510741
- Cianfarani S, Martinez C, Maiorana A, Scire G, Spadoni GL, Boemi S. Adiponectin levels are reduced in children born small for gestational age and are inversely related to postnatal catch-up growth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:1346-51. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-031704
- Mazaki-Tovi S, Kanety H, Pariente C, Hemi R, Schiff E, Sivan E. Cord blood adiponectin in large-for-gestational age newborns. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005;193:1238-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2005.05.049