The Korean Journal of Medicine

The Korean Association of Internal Medicine (대한내과학회)
권호 표지

Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors on Atrophic Gastritis and Gastric Cancer: Safe Perspective

위축성 위염 혹은 위암에 미치는 프로톤펌프억제제의 영향: Safe 측면

  • Park, Hong-Jun (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Hyun-Soo (Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine)
  • 박홍준 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김현수 (연세대학교 원주의과대학 내과학교실)
  • Published : 2011.07.01
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used over 20 years for management of symptoms due to acid related diseases such as peptic ulcer and reflux esophagitis. Serious adverse events are extremely rare for short-term PPIs use. Recently, as long-term PPIs use increase, diverse reports have been reported on adverse event related with long-term PPIs use. Long-term PPIs use is generally referred as use of PPIs more than 1 year. Secondary hypergastrinemia after long-term PPIs use is associated with development of fundic gland polyps (FGP) and hyperplasia of enterochromaffin-like cell (ECL) that might be concerned with gastric carcinoid tumor. Furthermore, several studies have posed the relationship between the risk of gastric cancer and long-term PPIs use with co-existing H. pylori infection. The present review summarize the recent accumulated evidence on neoplasm associated with secondary hypergastrinemia after long-term PPIs use.

Keywords

References

  1. Raghunath AS, O'Morain C, McLoughlin RC. Review article: the long-term use of proton-pump inhibitors. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;22(Suppl 1):S55-S63.
  2. Thomson AB, Sauve MD, Kassam N, Kamitakahara H. Safety of the long-term use of proton pump inhibitors. World J Gastroenterol 2010;16:2323-2330. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v16.i19.2323
  3. Blankenhorn K, Lipson D. Business watch: 2001 in review: despite economic challenges, pharmaceutical industry still maintains steady growth. Med Mark Med 2002;37:47-62.
  4. Benet LZ, Zech K. Pharmacokinetics: a relevant factor for the choice of a drug? Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1994;8(Suppl 1):S25-S32.
  5. Goudie BM, McKenzie PE, Cipriano J, Griffin EM, Murray FE. Repeat prescribing of ulcer healing drugs in general practice: prevalence and underlying diagnosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1996;10:147-150. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1996.717897000.x
  6. Boutet R, Wilcock M, MacKenzie I. Survey on repeat prescribing for acid suppression drugs in primary care in Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999;13:813-817. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1999.00524.x
  7. Ryder SD, O'Reilly S, Miller RJ, Ross J, Jacyna MR, Levi AJ. Long term acid suppressing treatment in general practice. BMJ 1994;308:827-830. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.308.6932.827
  8. Hurenkamp GJ, Grundmeyer HG, Bindels PJ, Tytgat GN, Van Der Hulst RW. How do primary care physicians use long-term acid suppressant drugs? A population-based analysis of Dutch general practices. J Fam Pract 2002;51:241-245.
  9. Rubin GP, Contractor B, Bramble MG. The use of long-term acid-suppression therapy. Br J Clin Pract 1995;49:119-120.
  10. Hungin AP, Rubin GP, O'Flanagan H. Long-term prescribing of proton pump inhibitors in general practice. Br J Gen Pract 1999;49:451-453.
  11. Raghunath AS, Hungin APS. Long-term prescribing of proton pump inhibitors in primary care: a cross-sectional survey. Gut 2004;53(Suppl 111):A24.
  12. Prach AT, McGilchrist MM, Murray FE, Johnston DA, MacDonald TM. Prescription of acid-suppressing drugs in relation to endoscopic diagnosis: a record-linkage study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999;13:397-405. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1999.00463.x
  13. Majumdar SR, Soumerai SB, Farraye FA, et al. Chronic acid-related disorders are common and underinvestigated. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:2409-2414. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07706.x
  14. McCarthy DM. Adverse effects of proton pump inhibitor drugs: clues and conclusions. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2010;26:624-631. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOG.0b013e32833ea9d9
  15. Kim BW, Lee BI, Kim HK, et al. Influence of long-term gastric acid suppression therapy on the expression of serum gastrin, chromogranin A, and ghrelin. Korean J Gastroenterol 2009;53:84-89.
  16. Attard TM, Cuffari C, Tajouri T, et al. Multicenter experience with upper gastrointestinal polyps in pediatric patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:681-686. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.04115.x
  17. Bertoni G, Sassatelli R, Nigrisoli E, et al. Dysplastic changes in gastric fundic gland polyps of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Ital J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;31:192-197.
  18. Jalving M, Koornstra JJ, Wesseling J, Boezen HM, DE Jong S, Kleibeuker JH. Increased risk of fundic gland polyps during long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006;24:1341-1348. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03127.x
  19. Carmack SW, Genta RM, Graham DY, Lauwers GY. Management of gastric polyps: a pathology-based guide for gastroenterologists. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;6:331-341. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2009.70
  20. Jalving M, Koornstra JJ, Gotz JM, et al. High-grade dysplasia in sporadic fundic gland polyps: a case report and review of the literature. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003;15:1229-1233. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042737-200311000-00013
  21. Abraham SC, Nobukawa B, Giardiello FM, Hamilton SR, Wu TT. Sporadic fundic gland polyps: common gastric polyps arising through activating mutations in the beta-catenin gene. Am J Pathol 2001;158:1005-1010. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64047-3
  22. Abraham SC, Nobukawa B, Giardiello FM, Hamilton SR, Wu TT. Fundic gland polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis: neoplasms with frequent somatic adenomatous polyposis coli gene alterations. Am J Pathol 2000;157:747-754. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64588-9
  23. el-Zimaity HM, Jackson FW, Graham DY. Fundic gland polyps developing during omeprazole therapy. Am J Gastroenterol 1997;92:1858-1860.
  24. Cats A, Schenk BE, Bloemena E, et al. Parietal cell protrusions and fundic gland cysts during omeprazole maintenance treatment. Hum Pathol 2000;31:684-690. https://doi.org/10.1053/hupa.2000.7637
  25. Freeman HJ. Proton pump inhibitors and an emerging epidemic of gastric fundic gland polyposis. World J Gastroenterol 2008;14:1318-1320. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.14.1318
  26. Fossmark R, Jianu CS, Martinsen TC, Qvigstad G, Syversen U, Waldum HL. Serum gastrin and chromogranin A levels in patients with fundic gland polyps caused by long-term proton-pump inhibition. Scand J Gastroenterol 2008;43:20-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/00365520701561959
  27. Zelter A, Fernández JL, Bilder C, et al. Fundic gland polyps and association with proton pump inhibitor intake: a prospective study in 1,780 endoscopies. Dig Dis Sci 2011;56:1743-1748. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-010-1493-x
  28. Kim JS, Chae HS, Kim HK, et al. Spontaneous resolution of multiple fundic gland polyps after cessation of treatment with omeprazole. Korean J Gastroenterol 2008;51:305-308.
  29. Kazantsev GB, Schwesinger WH, Heim-Hall J. Spontaneous resolution of multiple fundic gland polyps after cessation of treatment with lansoprazole and Nissen fundoplication: a case report. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;55:600-602. https://doi.org/10.1067/mge.2002.122583
  30. Sanduleanu S, Stridsberg M, Jonkers D, et al. Serum gastrin and chromogranin A during medium-and long-term acid suppressive therapy: a case-control study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999;13:145-153. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1999.00466.x
  31. Creutzfeldt W. The achlorhydria-carcinoid sequence: role of gastrin. Digestion 1988;39:61-79. https://doi.org/10.1159/000199609
  32. Hakanson R, Sundler F. Proposed mechanism of induction of gastric carcinoids: the gastrin hypothesis. Eur J Clin Invest 1990;20(Suppl 1):S65-S71.
  33. Hakanson R, Chen D, Tielemans Y, et al. ECL cells: biology and pathobiology. Digestion 1994;55(Suppl 3):S38-S45.
  34. Tielemans Y, Hakanson R, Sundler F, Willems G. Proliferation of enterochromaffinlike cells in omeprazole-treated hypergastrinemic rats. Gastroenterology 1989;96:723-729.
  35. Koop H, Klein M, Arnold R. Serum gastrin levels during long-term omeprazole treatment. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1990;4:131-138.
  36. Modlin IM, Lye KD, Kidd M. A 50-year analysis of 562 gastric carcinoids: small tumor or larger problem? Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:23-32. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1572-0241.2003.04027.x
  37. Hodgson N, Koniaris LG, Livingstone AS, Franceschi D. Gastric carcinoids: a temporal increase with proton pump introduction. Surg Endosc 2005;19:1610-1612. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-005-0232-4
  38. Waldum HL, Gustafsson B, Fossmark R, Qvigstad G. Antiulcer drugs and gastric cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2005;50(Suppl 1):S39-S44.
  39. Thomson AB, Sauve MD, Kassam N, Kamitakahara H. Safety of the long-term use of proton pump inhibitors. World J Gastroenterol 2010;16:2323-2330. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v16.i19.2323
  40. Diebold MD, Richardson S, Duchateau A, et al. Factors influencing corpus argyrophil cell density and hyperplasia in reflux esophagitis patients treated with antisecretory drugs and controls. Dig Dis Sci 1998;43:1629-1635.
  41. Lundell L, Havu N, Miettinen P, et al. Changes of gastric mucosal architecture during long-term omeprazole therapy: results of a randomized clinical trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006;23:639-647. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02792.x
  42. Lamberts R, Brunner G, Solcia E. Effects of very long (up to 10 years) proton pump blockade on human gastric mucosa. Digestion 2001;64:205-213. https://doi.org/10.1159/000048863
  43. Moayyedi P, Wason C, Peacock R, et al. Changing patterns of Helicobacter pylori gastritis in long-standing acid suppression. Helicobacter 2000;5:206-214. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-5378.2000.00032.x
  44. McColl KE. Helicobacter pylori infection and long term proton pump inhibitor therapy. Gut 2004;53:5-7. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.53.1.5
  45. Kuipers EJ, Lundell L, Klinkenberg-Knol EC, et al. Atrophic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with reflux esophagitis treated with omeprazole or fundoplication. N Engl J Med 1996;334:1018-1022. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199604183341603
  46. Uemura N, Okamoto S, Yamamoto S, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection and the development of gastric cancer. N Engl J Med 2001;345:784-789. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa001999
  47. Berstad AE, Hatlebakk JG, Maartmann-Moe H, Berstad A, Brandtzag P. Helicobacter pylori gastritis and epithelial cell proliferation in patients with reflux oesophagitis after treatment with lansoprazole. Gut 1997;41:740-747. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.41.6.740
  48. Eissele R, Brunner G, Simon B, Solcia E, Arnold R. Gastric mucosa during treatment with lansoprazole: Helicobacter pylori is a risk factor for argyrophil cell hyperplasia. Gastroenterology 1997;112:707-717. https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.1997.v112.pm9041231
  49. Singh P, Indaram A, Greenberg R, Visvalingam V, Bank S. Long term omeprazole therapy for reflux esophagitis:follow-up in serum gastrin levels, EC cell hyperplasia and neoplasia. World J Gastroenterol 2000;6:789-792.
  50. Geboes K, Dekker W, Mulder CJ, Nusteling K. Long-term lansoprazole treatment for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease:clinical efficacy and influence on gastric mucosa. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001;15:1819-1826. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01105.x
  51. Uemura N, Okamoto S, Yamamoto S, et al. Changes in Helicobacter pyloriinduced gastritis in the antrum and corpus during long-term acid-suppressive treatment in Japan. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000;14:1345-1352. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00834.x
  52. Kuipers EJ, Nelis GF, Klinkenberg-Knol EC, et al. Cure of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with reflux oesophagitis treated with long term omeprazole reverses gastritis without exacerbation of reflux disease: results of a randomized controlled trial. Gut 2004;53:12-20. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.53.1.12